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英语辅导:高二册第10单元语言要点正误例析
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/02/23 09:08  英语辅导报

  1. 大多数作物在肥沃的土壤里长得好。

  【误】 Most plants grow best in rich mud.

  【正】 Most plants grow best in rich soil.

  【析】 earth,soil和mud都可以表示“泥土”。 earth是“泥土”的总称;soil是指可耕种的“土壤”,有一定的肥沃程度;mud多指“湿土”、“软泥”或“稀泥”。试比较:

  Rain turns dust into mud. 雨水把尘土变为泥浆。

  He filled the hole with earth. 他用土把洞填上了。

  This is an area of rich soil. 这是一片沃土。

  2. 除了做饭,她什么都能干。

  【误】 She can do everything except to cook.

  【正】 She can do everything except cook.

  【析】 except用在all,no,nobody,nothing,everything,where,who等词之后表示“除了”,相当于but,其后的动词用不定式形式。如果其前的谓语动词是do,不定式省略to;如是其它动词,必须带to。

  3. 我已经把篮子里的烂土豆拣了出来。

  【误】 I have picked up the bad potatoes from the basket.

  【正】 I have picked out the bad potatoes from the basket.

  【析】 pick up意为“拾到;捡到;收集到”,还可指“搭乘车、船等”; pick out则指经过对比、筛选等方式“选出;挑出”,还可指“辨认出”。

  4. 我到那里时,他仍在和朋友们议论着那场比赛。

  【误】 He was still discussing about the game with his friends.

  【正】 He was still discussing the game with his friends.

  【析】 discuss 是及物动词,不能与介词连用。例如:They discussed selling the house. 他们商讨了卖房一事。

  5. 不是学生,而是王老师希望去三苏公园。

  【误】 Not the students but Mr. Wang are hoping to go to the San Su Park.

  【正】 Not the students but Mr. Wang is hoping to go to the San Su Park.

  【析】 “not... but...”为并列连词词组,同已学过的 either... or, neither... nor等并列连词词组一样,在具体使用时要注意:(1) 并列连接的两个句子成分要对等;(2) 如果并列的是两个主语时,其谓语动词要与紧跟它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

  6. 我们班总共有50名学生。

  【误】 There are 50 students in our class at all.

  【正】 There are 50 students in our class in all.

  【析】 in all 意思是“总共;总计”;at all 意思同 on earth,表示“根本;全然”,多用在否定句中,起加强语气的作用。

  7. 这位护士照顾这个病人仿佛照顾她爸爸似的。

  【误】 The nurse looks after the patient as if he is her father.

  【正】 The nurse looks after the patient as if he were her father.

  【析】 as if 引导状语从句,既可用单纯的现在时表示事实,也可用过去时或过去完成时,分别表示与现在或过去事实相反的假设语气。此处是与现在事实相反,故用过去时表示虚拟语气。

  8. 大雨就要来临。

  【误】 A heavy rain is in the way.

  【正】 A heavy rain is on the way.

  【析】 on the / one's way“来到;接近;在进行中”; in the way“挡道;妨碍”。

  9. 为了及时赶到,他们尽快地跑。

  【误】 In order that get there in time, they ran as fast as they could.

  【正】 In order to / So as to get there in time, they ran as fast as they could.

  【正】 They ran as fast as they could so as to / in order to get there in time.

  【正】They ran as fast as they could in order that they could get there in time.

  【析】 so as to和in order to引导的不定式短语可置于句首,也可置于句子后部;in order that后面接从句。

  10. 他一到达车站,立即发现他的妻子在等着迎接他。

  【误】 After arriving at the station, he found his wife waiting to meet him.

  【正】 On arriving at the station, he found his wife waiting to meet him.

  【析】 介词on / upon作“在……时”、“在……之后”解,后跟V-ing 形式,相当于一个as soon as 引导的表示时间的状语从句,强调这个动作一发生,另一个动作接着立即发生。

  11. 这可怜的男人死于事故,留下孤儿寡母在这世界上飘零。

  【误】 Leaving his wife and son alone in this world, the poor man died in an accident.

  【正】 The poor man died in an accident, leaving his wife and son alone in this world.

  【析】 动词的V-ing形式词组作状语时,表示原因状语、时间状语、条件状语宜放在句首,结果状语宜放在句末,伴随状语置于主句前后均可。

  12. 他建议法官不要判处这个囚犯死刑。

  【误】 He didn't advise the judge to sentence the prisoner to death.

  【正】 He advised the judge not to sentence the prisoner to death.

  【析】 根据句意,本句为特指否定,而不是一般否定。“建议某人不干某事”应译为advise sb. not to do sth.,而不说 don't advise sb. to do sth.。

  (文/吴安运; 英语通高二版 04~05学年度第12期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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