请看下列高考试题：

　　① Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. (NMET 1999)

　　A. to have studied B. to study

　　C. to be studying D. to have been studying

　　② I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET 1997)

　　A. to go B. to have gone

　　C. going D. having gone

　　③ Tom ought not to ________ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (NMET 1993)

　　A. have told B. tell

　　C. be telling D. having told

　　上面三题正确答案分别为A，B，A，都是动词不定式完成式形式。那么，动词不定式完成式究竟有哪些常见用法呢？下面我们对此加以归纳总结。

　　一、表示该动作或状态发生在谓语表示的时间之前。常见于下列结构：

　　1. 用作主语或宾语

　　① It's my pleasure to have attended your lecture last night. 昨晚能听你的报告是我的荣幸。(主语)

　　② I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party. 我认为你没参加我们的聚会真是遗憾。(宾语)

　　2. 用于形容词后作原因状语

　　① I'm sorry not to have come to your help last night. (= I'm sorry I didn't...) 很抱歉昨晚没能来帮你。

　　② (I'm) Glad to have seen you here. Bye. 很高兴在这儿见到你。再见。(告别时用语)

　　比较：(刚见面时用语)Hello!(I'm) Glad to see you here. 你好！很高兴在这儿见到你。

　　3. 用于seem，appear，happen，chance，pretend等动词之后

　　They seem/ appear to have known the fact. (=It seems/ appears that they have known the fact.) 他们好像已知道了真相。

　　4. 用于“be +said/ thought/ considered/ reported/ believed...” 之后

　　There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived. (=It's said that there had been ...) 据说他到达的时候已经有很多人在等着见他了。

　　5. 用于“be +sure/ certain/ likely...” 之后

　　You are sure to have known each other before. 你们以前一定相互认识。

　　二、用于hoped，wished，wanted，expected，meant，planned等表示“希望”等含义的动词过去式，以及promised，was，were，would like之后 ，表示未曾实现的希望或计划。

　　① I hoped to have gone to his help yesterday, but I was too busy then. 昨天我本想去帮他的，可我太忙了。

　　② The plane was to have taken off at 8 am; it was the heavy rain that delayed its leaving. 飞机原定于上午八点起飞，是大雨使它推迟了。

　　三、用于表示“希望”等含义的动词现在时之后，表示到将来某时，某事已发生或完成。

　　① I hope to have reached Beijing by next Friday. (=I hope that I will have reached Beijing by next Friday.) 我希望下周五我已到北京了。

　　② I mean to have covered half of the story by ten o'clock tonight. 我打算今晚十点前看完故事的一半。

　　四、用于情态动词ought 之后，多表示对已发生的事的评论：ought to have done表示“本该做……却未做”；oughtn't to have done表示“ 本不该做……却做了”。

　　① You ought to have finished your work by now. But why haven't you? 现在你本该已完成工作了。但是为什么还没有呢？

　　② You oughtn't to have helped him yesterday. 昨天你本不该帮他的。

　　(文/时永春； 英语辅导报高二普及版 04~05学年度第25期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)