那么，你需要注意的那5个原则是什么呢？

　　first: there are four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. Especially when you’re talking about learning。

　　首先，有四个词，注意力、含义、关联和记忆， 而这些在很多非常重要的方面是相互连接的，特别在你谈论学习的时候。

　　Come with me on a journey through a forest。

　　请跟随我来一趟森林之旅。

　　You go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this。

　　你穿越森林，然后你看到一个像这样的东西。

　　Little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don’t。

　　你可能注意到了树上的这些小标记，可能你没有注意它们。

　　You go another fifty metres and you see this。

　　然后你继续向前走50米，你看到了这个。

　　You should be paying attention。

　　你应该要注意了。

　　Another fifty metres, if you haven’t been paying attention, you see this。

　　再50米，如果你还没注意的话，你会看到这个。

　　And at this point, you’re paying attention。

　　当看到这个的时候，你就会注意了。

　　And you’ve just learned that this is important, it’s relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you’re going to pay attention to and therefore you’re going to remember it。

　　你刚刚学习到了这个是重要的，它与你有重要关系，因为它代表这个。任何有关联的东西，任何有关你生存的信息都是值得你注意的，而你给注意力的就会记住的。 。

　　If it’s related to your personal goals then you’re going to pay attention to it, if it’s relevant you’re going to remember it。

　　如果它关于你个人目标的，那么你就会注意到它，如果它与你是有关联的，你就会记住它。

　　So, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you。

　　因此，学习一门语言的第一个原则就是注意那些与你息息相关的语言内容上。

　　Which brings us to tools。

　　这就让我们谈到工具。

　　We master tools by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us。

　　我们通过使用工具来掌握工具，而当这些工具与我们息息相关的时候，我们就可以学得很快。

　　So let me share a story。

　　先让我分享一个故事。

　　A keyboard is a tool。

　　键盘是一个工具。

　　Typing Chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. That’s a tool。

　　有不同方法打中文字。这些方法属于工具的一种。

　　I had a colleague many years ago who went to night school;

　　多年前，我有一位同事，她上夜校学习中文打字。

　　Tuesday night, Thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type Chinese。

　　每周二、周四晚上，她都用2个小时上课，然后也在家练习，她花了9个月的时间，仍然没学会打中文字。

　　And one night we had a crisis。

　　一天晚上，我们有一件紧急的事情。

　　We had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in Chinese。

　　我们有48个小时来准备用中文发表一本训练手册。

　　And she got the job, and I can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type Chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value。

　　她获得了这个任务 ，并且我可以像你保证，在48个小时内，她学会了用中文打字。因为这是相关的、重要的、有意义的，她在使用一种工具来创造价值。

　　So the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one. As a kid does。

　　因此，学习一门语言的第二个工具是从第一天开始，用你的语言作为一种工具来沟通，像一个孩子那样做。

　　When I first arrived in China I didn’t speak a word of Chinese, and on my second week I got to take a train ride overnight。

　　当我初次来到中国，我一句中文都不会说。第二个星期我乘坐火车过夜。

　　I spent eight hours sitting in the dining car talking to one of the guards on the train。He took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in Chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial expressions and piece by piece by piece I understood more and more。

　　我花了8个小时，坐在餐车，跟一位乘警聊。因为某种原因，他对我很感兴趣。我们在那用中文聊了整夜，随着他画画、比划双手并动用他的面部表情，我逐渐地明白越来越多。

　　But what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking Chinese around me, I was understanding some of this and I hadn’t even made any effort to learn that。

　　但是真正有趣的是，两个星期后，当人们在我周围说中文的时候，我可以明白一些而且我并没有为之付出任何努力。

　　(09:38) What had happened

　　发生了什么？

　　(09:40) I’d absorbed it that night on the train,

　　在火车的那晚我已经吸收了中文

　　(09:42) which brings us to the third principle

　　也是我们要说的第三个原则。

　　When you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language unconsciously。

　　当你已经理解沟通的信息含义，接下来你将不知不觉下意识的获得该语言。

　　And this is really, really well documented now, it’s something called comprehensible input and there’s twenty or thirty years of research on this. Stephen Krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them。

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