So we have a comprehensible input environment that’s safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speak your mother tongue。

　　因此我们有一个很安全的可明白输入的环境。我们知道这个有用，不然的话我们都不会说自己的母语。

　　15:55 So you get yourself a language parent, who’s somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate with you essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand the message。

　　因此你可以给自己找个语言家长[微博]，他是对你感兴趣的一个人，可以跟你沟通得上的，也可以是能够帮助你理解的同龄人。

　　There are four rules of a language parent。

　　语言家长有四个规则。

　　Spouses by the way are not very good at this, okay?

　　顺便说一下，配偶在这里没有那么好，明白吗？

　　But the four rules are, first of all, they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you’re way off beat。

　　那么4条规则是，第一，他们会尽可能地理解你的意思，哪怕你脱离节拍。

　　Secondly, they will never correct your mistakes。

　　第二，他们从来不会纠正你的错误。

　　Thirdly they will feed back their understanding of what you are saying so you can respond appropriately and get that feedback and then they will use words that you know。

　　第三，他们会理解你说的话并给出反馈，好让你适当地回应并获得反馈，并且他们也是说你知道的单词。

　　The sixth thing you have to do, is copy the face。

　　第六件事你需要做的就是模仿面部表情。

　　You’ve got to get the muscles working right, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you。

　　你需要把肌肉部位用得准确，别人才可以听明白你发出的声音。

　　There’s a couple of things you do。

　　达到此目的，你需要做几件事情。

　　One is that you hear how it feels, and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in your face, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how they use their face, let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you’re going to be able to pick it up。

　　第一，听它是什么感觉的并感觉它是怎样发出声音的，从你的脸上获得反馈。如果条件理想的话，你可以看着母语者并观察他们的面部，让你下意识地吸收这些规则，然后你将能够获取到它。

　　And if you can’t get a native speaker to look at, you can use stuff like this: [slides]。

　　如果你没有母语者可以看着学习的话，你可以用像这样的东西。

　　And the final idea here, the final action you need to take is something that I call “direct connect。”

　　最后一个行动是你需要“直接联系”。

　　What does this mean?

　　什么意思呢？

　　Well most people learning a second language sort of take the mother tongue words and take the target words and go over them again and again in their mind to try and remember them。

　　大多数人学习外语几乎都是用母语的单词对照目标语言，反复地在心中念并尝试记住它们。

　　Really inefficient。

　　这样做效率真的很低。

　　What you need to do is realize that everything you know is an image inside your mind, it’s feelings,

　　你需要做的是意识到你所知道的事情在你的脑海里都有一个画面和感觉。

　　if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke you can hear the crackling, you can see the flames,

　　如果你说到“火”，你可以闻到那个烟味，你可以听到那燃烧的爆裂声，你可以看到那火焰，

　　so what you do, is you go into that imagery and all of that memory and you come out with another pathway。

　　所以你需要做的是进入那些意象和有关的所有的记忆力，然后从另一条通道出来。

　　So I call it ‘same box, different path.’

　　我把这叫做“殊途同归”(同一个盒子，不同的路)。

　　You come out of that pathway, you build it over time you become more and more skilled at just connecting the new sounds to those images that you already have, into that internal representation。

　　你从那条通道出来，你将建立这种技能并且越来越熟练地把新的声音连接到你心里已经知道的画面去。

　　And over time you even become naturally good at that process, that becomes unconscious。

　　往后你甚至很擅长走这个过程，甚至是无意识的。

　　So, there are five principles that you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you’re going to improve。

　　因此，你需要运用的那5个原则和7个行动，如果你运用其中任何一个，都将得到进步。

　　And remember these are things under your control as the learner。

　　并且记住，作为学习者，这些事情都在你的掌控之下。

　　Do them all and you’re going to be fluent in a second language in six months。

　　如果你做到以上全部，你将会在六个月内学会流利的外语。

　　Thank you。

　　谢谢。

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