名师解析06考研英语新增题型：信息匹配题指南_新浪教育

名师解析06考研英语新增题型：信息匹配题指南

http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/07/03 16:46 新东方教育在线

　　三、选考题型之三----------信息匹配题

　　这一题型主要考查考生区分论点、论据，把握论点论据一致性的能力。如样题所示，该题型要求考生根据文章的内容，从多个选项中找到能支持相应论点的论据。这就要求考生理解各个论点/观点的重点和含义，并能找出与论点一致的论据。

　　(一)信息匹配题的解题步骤

　　考生阅读时可按照卷面排列的自然顺序先看六个试题选项后读短文，也可在阅读短文后再看试题选项。根据实际经验，笔者认为先看试题选项效率更高一些。因为试题选项中的六分之五是最后确答案，可以通过试题选项迅速理解文章大意，从而准确建立宏观主旨观念，进而有效的做到“抓大放小”。考生读后可以首先了解试题的内容，这样在阅读时可以做到目标明确，有的放矢，尽量减少盲目阅读对时间的耗费。具体做法可分为以下几步进行：

　　(1)仔细阅读六个试题选项，正确理解每个选项的意思。对于谈论相似主体的选项，需区别内容的相同处和不同处，并牢记体现不同处的关键词语。

　　(2)快速浏览短文，依靠标题迅速抓住每篇短文的主题。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息，在词语或句子下面划线并标上所答的题号，以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边，留待第二次阅读时解决。

　　(3)第二次阅读短文时必须有针对性，主要为了解决两个问题：一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与单句是否匹配；二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。

　　(4)为确保准确无误，若有时间可再次将选项从短文中已选择的内容进行比较，检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。

　　(二)做信息匹配题时应当注意的问题

　　实际操作过程中，考生需注意以下几个问题：

　　把握好用于此项的时间，防止前松后紧。

　　阅读时要始终目的明确，凡是与问题部分无关的内容可以暂时略去不看，以免耗费宝贵的时间和精力。

　　第三，在快速浏览短文时，要特别注意所给的标题获黑体字，这无疑是把握各篇短文主题的最佳途径，它们犹如门牌号码，可使我们在查找信息时直入大门，免走弯路。最后，阅读问题部分的六个选项时，要抓住每选项的核心意义，这样有利用我们在查阅时迅速对号入座，减少误差。

　　(三)信息匹配题的解题技巧

　　(1)收缩寻找范围

　　首先看清楚第一组例句问题和最后一道问题，之后找到两者所提问的内容在文中的位置，然后你会发现通常整组问题的答案都在此之间。用这个方法，你可省掉不少时间。

　　(2)注意文字或句子的形式变化

　　在文章中寻找答案的难度取决于你对字句的形式变化的认识能力。

　　需要注意三种形式：

　　第一种：同义、相同的词或词组

　　第二种：同义、相似的字

　　第三种：同义、有很大差异的词或词组

　　a)department stores=department stores(第一类)

　　b)joined by=linked by(第二类)

　　c)walkways above and below the ground=over_thestreet crossings and unde rground walkways(第三类)

　　(3)留意数字

　　数字的位置是最容易找的，如果问题提及过，用寻找关键字的方法就能找到答案。记住，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。

　　(四)大纲样题

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar“tombstone”that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional”resume-descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.

　　It’s handy to have a “tombstone”for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested“tombstone”lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

　　What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read-a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.

　　41.Put yourself first:

　　In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.

　　42.Sell what you can do, not who you are:

　　Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.

　　Toot your own horn!

　　Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.

　　43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!

　　Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”

　　44.Turn bad news into good:

　　Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.

　　45.Never apologize:

　　If you’ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.

　　The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’ve ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you’ve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.

　　Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for your?

　　［A］A woman who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:“Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.”

　　［B］One resume I received included the following:“invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.”Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward-all in 34 words.

　　［C］For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.

　　［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement“Ready to learn though not so well educated”.

　　［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.

　　［F］A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume. She answered,“It wasn’t important.”What she was really saying of course was“I’m not important.”

　　［题解］

　　这篇文章就如何写好个人简历提出了自己的看法。文章用黑体小标题给出了具体的建议，要求考生选出相应的例子。

　　首先，我们要通读全文，了解大意。作者在文中强调的简历应该是“functional”，应该是读起来有趣，具有个性的。在文章中，作者给出了具体的招数。每个着数都有小标题，解释和举例。在这儿，考生应该明白的是，英语文章中的小标题不一定等同于论点或段落总结句。小标题一般都较短，较简洁，有些小标题为了吸引读者的注意力，用词较夸张，或者只突出文章的一方面。所以考生在做题时，不能慌慌张张地看了小标题就去找答案。应该结合正文理解观点的含义。

　　第一点，“Put yourself first”。字面意思是把自己往前放。什么意思呢？下面的句子进行了解释，“要想让自己的简历使读的人充满热情，那么你首先就要觉得自己是个人物”。选项中哪个能进一步说明这一点呢？论证方法是这样的。作者举例说明时，可能从正面角度，也可能从反面角度。［F］就是从反面说明了第一个观点。作者通过例子说明，不要认为自己做过的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人别人又怎么会重视呢？

　　第二点，“Sell what you can do,not who you are ”。要强调能力而不是性格。下面的文字进一步说明了。“要学会把自己的个性和成就诠释成具体的技能，世界上有至少5000种技能”(意思是，你总能找出一种自己拥有的技能)。文后的例子中只有［C］项最贴切，“例如，如果你有节约、投资、管理钱财的天分，那么你拥有理财的能力。”

　　第三点，“Be specific,be concrete,and briefly!”一言以蔽之：简洁。哪个选项说明了这一点呢？［B］项这一个成功的例子说明了这点，一位女士仅用了34个词就把重点说明白了。

　　第四点，“Turn bad news into good”(将坏消息变成好消息)。这不是要让人颠倒黑白，下面解释道：“每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意的地方。如果要提到这些事，那么从积极、正面的角度去看。”［A］选项就是一个正面的例子。一个女助教因为政府缩减资金而被解雇地。这似乎不大光彩，但是这位女士谈起此事时却用了另一个角度，“校长说了，如果政府的资金够的话，她第一个重聘的就是我”，字里行间洋溢着自信。

　　第五点，“Never apologize”(不要道歉)。下面的文字举例说明了，要扬长避短。每个人都有短处，没有必要为自己的短处羞愧。求职就是要让雇主看到自己的闪光点，个人简历不是进行道歉的地方。［D］项以一个失败的例子说明了这一点：作者的一位朋友说他求职时遭到了歧视，因为他的简历中写了“好学，但教育程度不高”。

　　［答案］

　　41.F42.C43.B44.A45.D

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