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四级词汇练习:Tear them apart!

http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/11/02 16:45  双博士丛书

  Tear them apart! “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”

  These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown
that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.

  The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”;“enemy” ; “one who opposes your interests”. Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet Tshirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”

  In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.

  The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague” ; “friend” ; “companion”. Reflect a moment ! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”

  【2005年6月】

  “撕碎他们!”“杀了那些笨蛋!”“干掉裁判!”

  这些话语在各种体育赛场上均能听到。说这些话的人,往往觉得自己很无辜。但我们不是三岁小孩,我们深知如此过激行为常会导致流血冲突。关于言辞如何影响我们的书本卷帙浩繁。业已证实,言语的某些特定含义往往会致使我们以迥异于日常行为的方式做出反应。“对手”一词便是一例,或许将该词从体育术语中删去的时刻已经到来。

  词典里关于“对手”一词的定义是:“对抗者”,“敌人”,“一个与自身利益相对立的人”。因此,当参赛者遭遇对手时,往往会把对方看成敌人。此刻,获胜已主宰了个人理智;因此,不管个人行为多么粗俗,参赛者都会认为合情合理。这让我们回想起发生在一场手球比赛场的事件:裁判拒绝一位参赛者停止比赛去换副手套的请求,因为裁判认为那副手套不够湿,不一定非得要换。此时,那位参赛者把手套在其湿淋淋的T恤衫上擦抹一番后,对裁判吼道:“这下够湿了吧?”

  在一场激烈的比赛中,时常会观察到参赛者被罚下场,他们也许未曾想过这种惩罚会对他人产生何种后果。我也曾亲睹一位参赛者蓄意以最狠的方式将球投向他的对手去伤害对方。赛场之外,他们是好朋友。这有何启示呢?可以肯定的是,这证明了球场上的行为举止与日常行为截然不同。Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.

  因此,我认为现在需要将比赛提升至一更高水平,从而给体育界树立典范。以“伙伴”取代“对手”或许就是一个好的开端。

  词典里关于“伙伴”的定义是:“同事”,“朋友”,“同伴”。显然,如此一来,你将不会把对手当作敌人来看待,赛场风气就会大为改观。

  1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?

  A)Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.

  B)The words people use can influence their behavior.

  C)Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.

  D)Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.

  2. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players.

  A)are too eager to win

  B)are usually shorttempered and easily offended

  C)cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition

  D)treat their rivals as enemies

  3. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

  A)He refused to continue the game.

  B)He angrily hit the referee with a ball.

  C)He claimed that the referee was unfair.

  D)He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his Tshirt.

  4. According to the passage, players, in a game, may.

  A)deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way

  B)keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game

  C)lie down on the ground as an act of protest

  D)kick the ball across the court with force

  5. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by.

  A)calling on players to use clean language on the court

  B)raising the referee’s sense of responsibility

  C)changing the attitude of players on the sports field

  D)regulating the relationship between players and referees

  tearn. 泪,泪水,泪珠v. 撕,扯,撕碎,撕裂,撕下,扯掉n.破洞,裂口

  【考点】in tears 流着泪,含着泪,在哭着;

  tear at 撕,扯;

  tear away (使)勉强离去;

  tear down 拆掉,拆除;

  tear into 攻击,抨击;

  tear up 撕毁

  eventn.①事件,重大事件 ②(运动会的)比赛项目

  【考点】at all events 不管怎么样,无论如何;

  in any event 不管怎样,无论如何;

  in the event 结果,到头来;

  in the event that 万一,倘若;

  in the event of 万一,倘若

  【辨析】event,accident,incident,occurrence:

  event 指重大事件,特指历史事件;

  accident “事故”,指发生的意想不到的不幸事故;

  incident 指附属的、不重要的事;

  occurrence “事件”,指偶然发生的事,尤指普通日常发生的事。

  innocentadj. ①清白的,无罪的 ②幼稚的,无知的 ③无害的,没有恶意的

  【考点】be innocent of 没有做……,无辜

  【词根】~=in(not)+noc(to harm)+ent(词尾)

  leadv. ①带路,指引,领导 ②领先,带头vi. ①通向 ②导致

  【考点】lead to 通向,导致;

  lead sb. to do 让某人做;

  lead sb. (in) doing 带领某人做

  reactvi.①反应,作出反应 ②(~against)反对, 反其道而行 ③(~with)起化学作用

  【考点】react to sth.(by doing sth.)起反应,(对……)作出反应,回应

  react against sb./sth.反对,反抗

  【词根】~=re(back)+act(to act)

  delete vt. 删除,擦掉

  【考点】delete sth.from sth.从……上删除

  【派生】deletion n. 删除

  tendvt. 照料,看管,照管,管理vi. ①倾向,向,趋于 ②易于

  【考点】tend to/towards 倾向于,趋于

  treatv. ①对待,看待,视为 ②讨论,论及 ③治疗,治病 ④处理 ⑤款待,招待,宴请n. 宴请,款待,招待

  【考点】treat of探讨

  treat sb./sth. with/as/like sth.以……态度对待,以……方式对待

  treat sth.as sth.把……看作,视为

  treat sth.with sth.处理,保护,保存

  treat sb./yourself to sth.招待,请客

  treat sb. like dirt视某人如草芥,蔑视

  a treat极为有效,棒极了

  【派生】treatable adj. 可治疗的

  treatment n.治疗;待遇;处理

  treaty n.条件,协定

  gross adj. ①总的 ②严重的,显著的 ③粗俗的,粗野的 ④臃肿的vt.获得……总收入(或毛利)

  【考点】gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值

  【辨析】gross,total:

  gross用在专用财务报表中,表明尚未扣除成本、杂费等;

  total表示无任何保留地,绝对地。

  request n. 要求,请求v. 要求,请求

  【考点】at someone’s request 应某人之要求;

  by request (of) 依照……的要求;

  in (great) request 流行,大众所需的;

  on request 应……的要求;

  request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事;

  request sth. from/of sb. 要求某人做某事

  【词根】~=re(again)+quest(to seek)

  proceed vi. ①继续前进,继续下去 ②前进

  【考点】proceed to do sth. 继续做(另一件事);

  proceed with sth. 继续进行;

  proceed against 控诉

  【词根】~=pro(before)+ceed(to go)

  rub v. ①擦,揉,磨 ②抚摩,按摩 ③摩擦

  【考点】rub out 擦掉,拭去;

  rub away 擦掉,磨去;

  rub down 按摩,用力擦遍;

  rub off 擦掉,磨去;

  rub sth. in 反复提及令人不快的事

  exclaim v.惊叫,呼喊,大声说

  【辨析】exclaim,shout,cry,scream:

  exclaim“叫喊”,是指由于惊讶、痛苦、高兴等而高声叫喊;

  shout 指表示惊奇、喜悦而发出的叫喊,也指予以警告、注意而发出的叫喊;

  cry 大多数指无意的叫声或哭声,一般用语;

  scream “尖叫”,因痛苦、恐怖突然大叫。

  courtn. ①法庭,法院 ②(

网球)球场 ③庭院,院子

  【考点】basketball/tennis court 篮球场/网球场;

  court ball 宫廷舞会

  consequencen.①结果,后果 ②重要性

  【考点】in consequence 因此,结果;

  in consequence of 由于……原因

  witness n. ①目击者 ②(法律上的)证人 ③证据,证言,证明v. ①亲眼见到,目击,目睹 ②连署,作……连署人

  【考点】be(a)witness to sth.目击,看见(某事发生)

  bear/give witness (to sth.)为……作证,证明

  【关联】witness box 证人席

  illegal adj. 不合法的,非法的,违规的

  【关联】反义词:legal

  【派生】illegality n. 违法

  attituden. ①(与to,toward连用)态度,看法 ②姿势

  【考点】attitude of mind 心态问题

  with attitude 自我陶醉

  strike an attitude摆出某种姿态

  【派生】attitudinal adj.态度上的

  replacev. ①取代,代替 ②更换,替换 ③把……放回原处

  【考点】replace sb./sth.with/by sb./sth.(用……)替换,(以……)接替

  【派生】replaceable adj. 可替换的,可代替的

  replacement n.替换,更换;替代物(者)

  companion n. 同伴,同事

  【辨析】friend,acquaintance,companion:

  friend 亲密的朋友;

  acquaintance 熟人,点头之交;

  companion 既有朋友之意,也有熟人的意思。

  differencen. ①差别,冲突 ②争论,不和

  【考点】make a difference 有影响,很重要;

  make no difference 没有差别

  common adj. ①普通的,一般的 ②共同的,共用的

  【考点】in common 共同地

  【关联】复合词: commonplace adj.平凡的,陈腐的;commonsense adj. 常识上的,有常识的; commonwealth 共和国,共同体

  actionn.①行动,行动过程 ②作用,功能

  【考点】take action 采取行动

  action on 在……起作用

  【关联】近义词:activity,effect,functioning,influence

  wordn. ①字词,单词 ②话语,言词,谈话 ③消息,讯息,信息 ④诺言,保证

  【考点】in a word 简言之

  in other words 换句话说

  word for word 逐字地

  startn. ①启程,动身,开始,着手 ②开始的优先权,优先地位 ③(因吃惊、恐惧等)跳起,惊起,吃惊v. ①出发,启程,动身 ②开始,着手 ③创始,起始,创办 ④发动,引起,使产生,使开始 ⑤惊起,跳起,突然活动跳起

  【考点】start off 开始活动

  start out 开始,着手

  start up 惊起,惊跳;突然出现,崛起; 开动,发动

  to start with 首先,开始

  【关联】

  近义词:

  outset,beginning,lead,advantage,jump,depart,begin,found,originate,jump,jerk

  反义词:goal,finish

  come (came ) vi. ①来,来到 ②经过 ③达到,至 ④产生(于),来(自) ⑤变成,实现 ⑥开始 ⑦发生,出现(于),位(于)

  【考点】come about 发生,产生;

  come across 偶然遇到,碰上

  come along 出现,发生;进步,进展;

  come apart 破碎,崩溃

  come around/round ①苏醒,复原 ②顺便来访

  come at ①攻击,冲向 ②达到,了解

  come between ①分开,离间 ②妨碍(某人做某事);

  come by ①得到,获得 ②访问,看望

  come down①(物价等)下跌 ②落魄,潦倒;

  come down to 可归结为

  come in for 受到,遭到;

  come off ①脱落,分开 ②结果,表现

  come on ①(表示鼓励、催促等)快,走吧 ②进步,进展 ③发生,开始

  come out ①出现,显露 ②出版,发表 ③结果是

  come through 经历……仍活着,安然度过

  come to ①苏醒 ②总数为,结果是 ③涉及,谈判

  come up ①出现,发生 ②走上前来

  come up against 突然(或意外)碰到(困难、反对等)

  come up to 比得上,达到(标准等)

  come up with 提出,想出,提供

  1.【B】这是一道综合推断题,要求考生综合运用已知信息对作者的观点态度做出总结性的判断。问题是“下面哪一句话能最好地表达作者的态度?”作者在第一段就已经指出“It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior.”纵观全文可以看到作者一直是支持这个观点,并以体育比赛为例提出应该修改体育比赛的用词,以消除体育比赛中的暴力。因此B“人们用到的词语会影响他们的行为”符合题意。全文似乎体育比赛占了很大篇幅,但是应该看到这只是作者用来支持自己论点的一个大的例子。不是文章的最终结论。选项A“体育中的好斗行为会引发严重后果”;C“体育中令人不愉快的言辞经常被外国运动员用到”;D“裁判的不公平会导致运动场的暴力事件”。姑且不论它们是否符合原文,单就它们都只是谈到例子中的细节,就可以排除。实际上从原文可以看到选项C、D原文根本没有提及。

  2.【D】这是一道细节推理题。文章开头提到了一些常见的粗话,并指出这些讲粗话的行为是因为某些词的含义的误导。第三段以一个特殊的词“opponent”为例,分析了体育比赛中不当行为的原因是因为“opponent”一词的含义是“敌人”、“对手”,因此“当一名选手遇到他的对手,他会把他看成是敌人。”因此D项“把他们的对手当成敌人”正确。选项A“太想赢了”也是由于“敌人”一词的误导产生的想法,不是说粗话的原因。B“通常脾气不好,容易发火”跟原文内容不符。C“在激烈的竞争中无法保持礼貌”也是原文不曾提及的内容。

  3.【D】这是一道细节题,题干问“当那名手球运动员没有被允许暂停去更换手套,他是怎么做的?”答题依据为第三段末尾。选项D“他把手套在自己的T恤上蹭来蹭去”是原文的复制。A“他拒绝继续比赛”;B“他怒气冲冲地用球砸裁判”;C“他叫嚷说裁判不公平”。这三个选项都与原文不符。

  4.【A】这是一道细节题,答案可在第四段找到:在白热化的赛场上,运动员可能横冲直撞,可能有人用球去砸别的球员,只因为对方挡人犯规。选项A“故意用球去砸任何一个犯规阻挡他的队员”原文提到,可选。B“不停地在比赛中尖叫、大喊”;C“躺在地上以示抗议”;D“使劲地把球踢到球场另一头”。虽然这三个选项中的行为在生活中都很常见,但是在做阅读理解的时候不能以自己的常识或者生活经验来判断,而应该紧扣原文。

  5.【C】这是一道细节推论题。作者提议用 “associate”一词来替换 “opponent”一词,是因为前者的含义会使运动员改变他们的态度,不再把对手看成是“敌人”,而是“同事”、“朋友”。选项C“改变运动员在赛场的态度”正是表达了这个意思。A“呼吁运动员在赛场上语言文明”,语言文明只是他们改变态度后的另一个可能的结果。B“提高裁判的责任感”,未提及。D“规范选手和裁判的关系”,未提及。

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