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恩波考研英语300句第21课

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/08/10 15:05  恩波考研

  2003 Part A Text 3

  12. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.

  【译文】 支持组建超大型铁路集团的人认为,兼并将大幅降低成本,也对调度协调
服务有利。

  【析句】 句子的主干是Supporters of the new super systems argue。argue的宾语是一个从句,即these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service。

  【讲词】 allow是一个常用词,但是allow for可能不大为人熟悉。allow for表示“考虑;顾及”,例如:We must allow for his inexperience.(我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。)It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.(考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。)

  13. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances,such as coal,chemicals,and grain,trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

  【译文】 但许多客户却抱怨说,对于长途运输的大宗商品来说,如煤炭、化学制品和谷物,公路运输花费太大,这样铁路公司就“掐住了他们的脖子”。

  【析句】 全句比较支离破碎,因而必须弄清句子的结构。many shippers是全句的主语,谓语动词是complain,后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句实际上是一个表示因果关系的复合句,主句是一个主从结构,由and连接。

  【讲词】 have sb/sth by the throat在句中表示“卡住……的脖子,主宰……”,类似的说法还有grab sb by the throat,take sb by the throat,hold sb by the throat。例如:Spam has email by the throat,a study says.(一项研究表明,垃圾邮件制约了电子邮件的发展。)

  14. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief,but the process is expensive,time consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.

  【译文】 感觉被多收费的客户有权上诉到联邦政府的陆路运输局以争取价格下调,但是这个过程既耗钱又耗时,而且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。

  【析句】 这是一个复合句,第一个分句是主句(shippers…have the right to appeal),第二个分句由三个并列的结构组成,前两个是系动词+形容词(expensive和time consuming),后一个是动词+介词短语。

  【讲词】 appeal在句中的意思是“求助”,作动词时还可表示“请求,呼吁,上诉,要求”。I appeal to your sense of justice.(我呼吁你们拿出正义感来。)The government appealed to the international community for aid after the devastating earthquake.(在发生了灾难性的

地震以后,政府呼吁国际社会给予援助。)He appealed against the judges decision.(他不服法官判决而上诉。)appeal作名词时表示“请求,呼吁,上诉,求助,吸引”。The teacher listened to his appeal.(老师倾听了他的要求。)The small town,with its ancient architecture,has a strong appeal to tourists.(小镇以其古老的建筑深深吸引了游客。)另外,appeal court意为“上诉法庭”。

  15. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate,they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.

  【译文】 他们认为,如果铁路公司向所有客户收取同样的普通价格,那么选择使用公路运输或其他交通工具的客户将会转移,这样剩下的客户就要承担铁路正常运作的开销。

  【析句】 这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句,主句的主干they argue后面跟宾语从句shippers… would do so。shippers的后边接了一个由who引导的定语从句。leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line是一个现在分词短语,作状语。

  【讲词】 option意为“选项,选择权”。宋楚瑜在大陆时说台独从来不是亲民党的选项,翻成英语就是:The independence of Taiwan has never been the option for the People First Party.又例:The government has two options,to reduce spending or to increase taxes.(政府只有两种选择,不是削减开支便是增加税收。)

  shoulder在句中意为“承担”。to shoulder the responsibility(承担责任)。He shouldered the blame for his friends.(他代朋友承担了别人的指责。)

  16. It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.

  【译文】 这种理论得到了多数经济学家的认同,但在实际操作中,它常常把决定谁兴谁败的权力丢给了铁路公司。

  【析句】 本句由but连接两个分句。第一个分句的主干部分是Its a theory,后边紧跟了一个which引导的定语从句。but后边的分句的主语是it,谓语是leaves。determining是介词of的宾语,后边接了两个并列的宾语从句:which companies will flourish and which will fail。

  【讲词】 subscribe作“订阅”或“订购”意思讲时,是不及物动词,后面应该接to,比如:subscribe to China Daily;此处应该引申译为“采取”(adopt)。它作及物动词时表示“捐献”,比如:subscribe fifty dollars to a local charity。

  in practice在“在实践上”,“在理论上”用in theory表示。I think the regulation only works in theory but not in practice.(我认为这条规定只在理论上行得通,但在实践上行不通。)

  17. The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another,with Wall Street cheering them on.

  【译文】 从整体来说,虽然铁路行业前途光明,但它的收入仍然不足以支付为满足不断增长的运输需要而进行的固定资产投资。然而铁路公司仍然继续贷款数十亿美元来进行相互兼并,而华尔街也鼓励它们这样做。

  【析句】 第一个句子的层次比较复杂,其主干是The railroad industry… does not earn enough。despite its brightening fortunes作状语,it must invest to… traffic是一个定语从句,修饰the capital。其中,to cover the cost of the capital作invest的补语。

  【讲词】 brighten是“(使)变亮,(使)愉快”之意。These flowers brightened the classroom.(这些花使教室生辉。)fortune有“财富,好运”之意,看来财富与运气还是有联系的。brightening fortunes意为“转好的运道”。

  cover本义表示“盖,掩盖”,还能表示“掩护,包括,支付,报道”等。The newspaper sent two of its reporters to cover the event.(这家报纸派了两名记者来报道这一事件。)His travel expenses will be covered by the company.(公司会替他支付差旅费。)


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