Lesson Three: the use of force

　　1. startle: to disturb suddenly as surprise 惊吓.

　　如: starling news/s startling discovery (disturbing, frightening) 令人震惊的新闻/发现

　　He startled us when he slammed the door so loudly. 他砰的一声把门关上,让我们大吃一惊.

　　The noise startled me out of my sleep. 喧哗之声把我从梦中惊醒.

　　2. a. motion: to make a motion or gesture, as with the hand (用手等) 作示意.

　　如: He motioned me to sit down. 他向我作了个手势,让我坐下.

　　b. look over : examine , esp. briefly 检查.

　　如: I will look over your paper soon. 我很快会看一下你的论文.

　　We looked over several new models before deciding.我们看过了几种新的模型之后才做了决定.

　　He asked my age, height, weight and marriage status, and then looked me over . 他询问了我的年

　　龄,身高,体重和婚姻状况,然后打量了一番.

　　3. Eye sb. up and down 上下仔细打量.

　　如They eyed the stranger up and down . 他们对那陌生人仔细上下打量了一番.

　　4. Be up to sb. to do sth. : be one's responsibility to do sth. 由......负责做.......

　　如:It's up to you to break the news to him. 应该由你向他透露这条消息.

　　It's up to them to make the change. 应该由他们作这个变化.

　　5. in profusion : a great amount quantity ( of something ) 充足.

　　如; a great profusion of colors = colors in rich profusion 五颜六色

　　Profuse: adj. generous, lavish 丰富.

　　如:The critics were profuse in their praise of the new novel. 批评家慷慨地赞扬了那部小说.

　　He was profuse in his thanks for the help. 他盛情感激他的帮助.

　　Be profuse with one's money 花钱大手大脚.

　　6. a sore throat:喉咙痛, sore ; Physically painful or sensitive, such as a wound or diseased part

　　疼痛 如I'm sore all over from the heavy work I did yesterday . 昨天干了一天重活,全身上下都痛了.

　　7. in my best professional manner : 以我最好的职业方式;

　　manner : a way of doing things 做事情的方式.

　　manner : courtesy 礼貌.

　　如good manner 有礼貌.

　　It's bad manner to speak with your mouth full. 嘴巴里满满的对人说话是不礼貌的.

　　8. coax : attempt to influence by gentle persuasion 哄骗.

　　如He tried to coax the secret from me . 他试图哄骗我说出秘方.

　　9. on the chance : counting on the slight possibility 怀着希望,也许可能.

　　on the off chance :抱着微弱的希望.

　　如; She applied on the off chance. 她抱着微弱的希望作了申请.

　　He offered the information on the chance that it might prove useful. 他提供了信息,指望能有所帮助.

　　10. admonish : to warn or caution gently , to report mildly 训诫.

　　如; Admonish sb. against sth. 劝诫...... 提防...... : The teacher admonished us against being late.

　　(= us not to be late.) 老师训教我们不要迟到.

　　He admonished him of the need for sincerity.他警告我为人必须真诚.

　　11. a. savage: mercilessly cruel, uncivilized, wild 野蛮的.

　　如: a savage attack on 野蛮攻击 ; a savage lion 野蛮的狮子 : savage manners 野蛮的态度

　　savage scenery 残酷的场面.

　　12. a. ensues: follow as a consequence 跟随, 紧跟.

　　如: After the heavy rains, floods ensued. 大雨之后紧跟着发了洪水.

　　during the ensuing months / in the ensuing year 随后的几个月/年;

　　the war and the ensuing disorder 战争以及随后紧跟着的混乱.

　　b. abject : humiliating and wretched; contemptible and despicable 可怜,可鄙的.

　　如: an abject apology 低声下气的道歉.

　　a. crushed : subdued 压服.

　　13. a. agony: extreme and prolonged suffering 极大的痛苦.

　　如: in agony 处于痛苦之中;pile up the agony 苦上加苦;in an agony of joy 悲喜交加.

　　b. apprehension ; uneasiness and fear 恐惧,担心.

　　如: feel (show ) apprehensions for the safety (failure) 对安全(失败)感到(显得)很担心.

　　14. let go of 松开,放开.

　　如: He let go of the rope. 他放开了绳子.

　　15. clench : close tightly 紧紧抓住.

　　如: He clenched the cigar in his teeth. 他用牙齿紧紧夹住香烟.

　　He clenched his fists in frustrations. 他沮丧地紧握拳头.

　　with clenched teeth 咬紧牙关.

　　16. a. desists: to cease, such as from some action 停止.

　　如; The company was forced to desist from false advertising. 公司被迫停止虚假广告.

　　They desisted from evil ways. 他们停止为非作歹.

　　b. " should + 不定式完成体" 在这里所表示的是一种非真实情况, 表达了作者一种遗憾的感情色彩.

　　如: I should have come earlier. 我本该早点来.

　　He should have taken my advice. 他本应接受我的建议.

　　17. a. neglect=negligence 疏忽

　　neglect : pay no attention or too little attention to 不(够)重视,注意.

　　如; You shouldn't neglect your health. 你不应该忽视自己的健康.

　　Benign neglect 善意的疏忽;total neglect 完全疏忽;parental neglect 养子不教.

　　b. case : the actual state of things 情况.

　　如; If that's the case, you'd better give it up. 如果情况确实如此, 你最好放弃.

　　18. go at assault ; begin or proceed vigorously 攻击,开始,进发.

　　如; The tow cocks are going at each other. 两个公鸡互相争斗.

　　The students tend to go at their studies before the examination .学生一般会在考试前才开始学习.

　　19. beyond reason 没有理由. beyond : outside the limits of ...超出......范围.

　　如: beyond human power 超出人力所能为;beyond human endurance 让人无法忍受;

　　beyond description 难以形容.

　　20. overpower : 1) overcome (someone or something ) by superior force 压倒,制服

　　2) affect or impress deeply or powerfully 使......无法忍受.

　　be overpowered by heat (grief) 炎热(悲痛)难忍.

　　Lesson Four: Die as u choose

　　1. dodge : avoid , evade or elude 逃避.

　　如; He was accused of dodging his taxes. 他被指控逃税.

　　You shouldn't dodge your responsibilities. 你不能回避责任

　　move aside suddenly突然闪开.

　　如: I dodged out of the way when he threw a chair at me. 他将椅子向我扔来的时候,我急忙闪开.

　　2. condemn: express an unfavorable judgment or opinion of 谴责.

　　如: We condemned empty talk instead of hard work.我们谴责只说空话不务实的行为.

　　3. to come to light : to be discovered or revealed 暴露.

　　如; On investigation some new facts came to light. 一经调查,一些新的事实就被暴露了.

　　It has now come to light that he was financially backed by some interest group.

　　人们刚刚得知,他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持.

　　4. languish : 1) become feeble ;droop ; lose liveliness or the will to do things凋萎,有气无力.

　　如; languish from the heat /in prison/ in his dull job 由于天气炎热/坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振.

　　2) suffer from a feeling of longing 苦思.

　　如; languish for some kind words/her love 苦苦期盼一些安慰的话语/她的爱.

　　5. Moral: the moral teaching or practical lesson continued in a fable, tale, experience, etc.

　　寓意. 如; There is a moral to the story. 这个故事有个寓意.

　　6. bizarre : unusual in appearance, style , or characters 外貌,风格或性格怪异.

　　如; a bizarre coincidence一次奇怪的巧合;his bizarre behavior 他怪异的行为.

　　7. at her own request 根据她本人的要求.

　　另如: He wrote this book at the request of his... 他根据......的要求写了那本书.

　　8. vote on : 就......进行表决.

　　如: Let's vote on this issue, since we can't agree. 既然我们不能达成一致意见,就来投票表决吧.

　　9. in private : not publicly , secretly 私下.

　　如:

　　Such a thing is best discussed in private. 这种事情最好私下讨论.

　　He can be very rube in private, though he is usually polite in public. 他私下可能很粗鲁,但在大众

　　面前通常彬彬有礼.

　　10. Taboo adj. 忌讳的, 禁止的.

　　如: This topic is taboo on the campus. 校园里忌讳讨论这个话题.

　　11. A. prolong: cause sth. to continue longer 延长.

　　如: I have to prolong my stay here for another three days. 我必须在这里继续呆三天

　　You should not have prolonged the ceremony. 你本不该延长仪式的时间.

　　B. throes: agony 痛苦.

　　如; in death throes 处于临终痛苦.

　　12. hold out : continue to last 坚持,挺住.

　　如: Can you hold out much longer 你能再坚持一段时间吗

　　13. administer to apple as a remedy 施用.

　　如: administer laws 执行法律.

　　The doctor administered some me medicine to the girl. 医生给女孩施用了一些药.

　　14. comply with : act in accordance with wishes , requirements or conditions 遵守(意愿,要求或条

　　件等).

　　如; You ought to comply with the rules /the demands/ the law/ the requests.

　　你应该遵守规章/命令/法律/要求.

　　15. pose danger 造成危险.

　　Pose: cause sth. to exist 导致产生.

　　另如:

　　pose problems 引起问题.

　　16. by contrast 相比之下.

　　By contrast, his brother is quite easygoing. 相比之下,他的兄弟比较好相处.

　　17. usher in : herald 预报,宣告.

　　如; usher in a new age of prosperity 宣告新的繁荣时期的到来.

　　The rising sun ushered in a new day. 太阳的升起宣告新的一天开始了.

　　The cuckoo ushered in spring. 布谷鸟宣布春天到来.

　　Lesson Five: I'd rather be black than female

　　1. I'd rather ... than: prefer... to....

　　如: I'd rather deal with a simple man than a sophisticated man.

　　我宁愿与纯朴的人打交道,不愿与世故的人交往.

　　I had rather never have been born than see this day of humiliation.

　　我宁愿自己未曾出生,也不愿遭受今天的耻辱.

　　I would (had) rather ... 但愿 (+that 从句中用过去式).

　　如: I would rather he didn't tell her about it.

　　我真希望他不告诉她这件事.

　　I had rather you did it alone.

　　但愿你一人做.

　　2. Handicap: 1) any disadvantage that makes success more difficult. 不利的因素.

　　如: Bad health is a handicap. 身体不好是不利因素.

　　His lack of English is a great handicap to him. 他不懂英语对他是一大缺陷.

　　2) a physical or mental disability 残疾.

　　如: Blindness is a great handicap.眼瞎是一大残疾.

　　3. at once at the same time ; simultaneously 同时.

　　如: It's hard for one to do two things at once. 人很难同时做两件事.

　　4. eliminate : get rid of ; remove 消除.

　　如: to eliminate poverty 根除贫穷; eliminate the prejudice 消除偏见.

　　5. brainwash 洗脑.

　　如: Don't let television commercials brainwash you into buying anything you actually don't need.

　　别让电视广告引诱你购买自己实际不需要的东西.

　　6. invariably : always 常常,总是.

　　如: It's invariably wet when they take their holidays. 他们度假时总是下雨.

　　His intuition is invariably correct. 他的直觉总是对的.

　　7. Campaign: a connect set of actions to obtain a particular result in politics or business

　　(社会,政治,选举)运动;游说,宣传活动.

　　如: an election campaign 选举活动;an advertising campaign 广告宣传;

　　a campaign to combat crime 防止犯罪运动.

　　8. stereotype : a conventional , oversimplified conception 陈腔滥调;陈规,老套,固定的现象.

　　如: He fits the stereotype of a 'scholar'. 他是典型的''学者''.

　　The idea is an old-fashioned stereotype. 这观点是老一套了.

　　9. Predominate: be superior in numbers, etc. 占多数的.

　　如: Greens predominated in the picture. 绿色植物是画中最醒目的.

　　predominate over 胜过.

　　10. mold: work into a required shape or from 塑造.

　　如: Statues are molded out of bronze. 雕像是用青铜铸成的.

　　He molded his style on the best writers. 他以第一流作者为榜样塑造了自己的文体.

    更多信息请访问：新浪自考频道