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  Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and oth
ers will not. As a result, major discord could emerge. It is possible that psychologists with the right to prescribe may consider themselves superior to those without the right.  If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader thirdparty payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded second class status in their profession.

  The debate, thus far, has focused on the training necessary to grant psychologists prescription privileges. Although this matter is important, of more basic concern are treatment implications and the future role of psychologists. Prescription privileges could move psychologists closer to a medical model and further away from their historical goal. Psychology began in the late 19th century as an application for psychological techniques. Its focus has been on assessment, behavioral interventions, consultation, and applied research. Before the widespread use of psychotropic medications, psychiatry emphasized the practice of psychotherapy. Gradually, psychiatry moved toward increased reliance on drugs and away from psychotherapy. It is possible, over time, that psychologists, like psychiatrists, could become more influenced by the use of medication.

  Despite the argument that prescription privileges significantly may alter traditional psychotherapeutic implications, some psychologists strongly feel that they would be looked upon more favorably, gain prestige, and increase their caseload if they could have the same status of prescribing medication as psychiatrists do. Does this mean that a lack of prescription privileges promotes the image of psychology as an inferior profession to psychiatry? Contrary to this argument is the fact that psychologists are delivering more outpatient mental health care than any other group of providers.

   Whatever some psychologists may perceive as a therapeutic drawback because they are unable to offer prescriptions for psychotropic medications apparently is not recognized by the general public. Psychologists may have flourished because they have offered a clear and distinct service from psychiatry. The use of medication may send a message to patients that may interfere with personal change and growth. Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying that benefits come from external agents, not from ones own efforts at change and growth.

  A large portion of the population prefers the nonmedication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other nonmedical therapists. There is little question that psychologists prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession. [424 words]

  1. Prescription privileges may lead to professional discord mainly because (此题与2006年第29题相仿)

  [A] patients would turn to those qualified to prescribe.

  [B] not all psychologists would gain the right to prescribe.

  [C] trained prescribers are outstanding in their career.

  [D] psychological techniques would become second choice.

  2. In the eyes of general public, (此题与2006年大纲样题第33题相仿)

  [A] psychology is an inferior profession to psychiatry.

  [B] inability to offer prescription put psychologists at a therapeutic disadvantage.

  [C] medication diminish the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

  [D] prescription privileges could raise the psychologists image.

  3. We can infer from the passage that if psychologists could prescribe,

  [A] it would lead to broader thirdparty payment.

  [B] they would be looked upon more favorably.

  [C] their caseload would increase.

  [D] they might become more influenced by the use of drugs.

  4. The best title of the passage may be

  [A] Future Role of Psychologists.

  [B] Prescribing Medications: a Reasonable Choice.

  [C] Psychology versus Psychiatry.

  [D] Prescription Privileges & Psychotropic Medications.

  5. The word “accord”(Line 6, Paragraph 1) means(此题与2005年第37题相仿)

  [A] to grant. [B] to agree.

  [C] to conform. [D] to bring.

  -核心及超纲词汇

  1.discordn.不一致,意见不和,分歧

  2.thirdparty第三方的

  3.accordv.给予 [同义] grant, bestow [例] We accorded the professor a hearty welcome. 我们给予教授热烈的欢迎。

  4.thus far至今,迄今 [同义] so far, up to now

  5.outpatientn.门诊病人

  6.undercutv.削价竞争;削弱;使降低效率

  7.agentn.作用物,动因 [同义] active element, cause, force

  8.turn to向……求助,求得安慰 [例] In his desperation, he turned to alcohol. 绝望中,他借酒消愁。

  -难句注释

  (1)Giving psychologists … others will not.

  【解析】 复合句。whereby: 关系副词,靠那个。“giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers” 是动名词形式,在句中作主语。

  【译文】 有选择地培训一些心理学者成为处方医生可能造成在心理专家整体中有所区别,由此,一些专家有资格开处方而另一些却无处方权。

  (2)If gaining prescription … secondclass status in their profession.

  【解析】 复合句。If 引导条件状语从句,动名词形式“gaining prescription privilege”是从句中的主语。主句中“unable to do so”作定语,修饰先行词“psychologists ”。

  【译文】 如果获得处方权会导致第三方的支出增加或者使有处方资格者享有完全的

医院权利,那些无处方权的心理治疗开业者可能自我感觉已被划为二流的从业人员。

  (3)It is possible, … by the use of medication.

  【解析】 “It is possible that...”句式中的it 充当形式主语。over time意为:随着时间的过去。

  【译文】 随着时间的流逝,有可能发生的是:像精神病医师一样,心理医生也会更多地使用药物疗法。

  (4)Whatever some psychologists may … recognized by the general public.

  【解析】 whatever: 关系代词,无论什么,不管什么。引导主语从句。

  【译文】 由于心理医生对作用于精神类药物无处方权,他们可能察觉到这是治疗上的一个困难。很明显,这一点并非被公众所公认。

  (5)Medications can … efforts at change and growth.

  【解析】 注意翻译时,by引导的状语要前置。

  【译文】 药物疗法意味着治疗效果源自外部因素,而非患者随着改变和发展自身努力的结果。在这一点上,药物可能会掩饰心理治疗的效果。

  -全文精译

  心理学家的特权

  给心理学者成为处方医生的选择可能造成心理专家之间的差别:一些专家有资格开处方而另一些却没有。结果分歧产生了,有处方权的(with the right to prescribe)心理医生可能感觉优越于无处方权者。如果获得处方权会导致第三方的支出增加(lead to broader thirdparty payments)或者是有处方权的享有完全的医院特权的话,那些无处方权的心理医生可能会觉得自已被划为第二流的从业人员(secondclass status in their profession)。

  直到现在,争论的焦点是有没有培训心理学者以使其获得处方权的必要。虽然这个问题很重要,更基础的问题(of more basic concern)是治疗的含义以及心理学者未来的角色。处方权会使心理学者更像医生进而远离了他们一贯的目标。心理学作为心理技巧的应用始于19世纪晚期。他的中心是评估、行为干预、咨询以及应用研究。在精神类药物广泛传播之前,精神病学更侧重(emphasize)心理疗法。精神病学不断远离心理治疗,而对药物的依赖逐渐增加。随着时间的流逝(over time),有可能发生的是:像精神病医师一样,心理医生也会

  更多地使用药物疗法。

  尽管人们认为处方权会极大的改变传统的心理医疗学的意义,许多心理学者强烈地感到:如果自己能够像精神病医生那样拥有处方权的话,他们就更受欢迎(be looked upon more favorably)、获得声望并增加就医人数(increase their caseload)。这种观点是不是意味着没有处方权就会贬低心理学的形象,使它比精神病学职业的地位更低?事实恰恰相反(Contrary to this argument),心理学者对门诊就医者所提供的心理健康医疗比其他医生都要多。

  由于心理医生对作用于精神类药物无处方权,他们可能察觉到这是治疗上的一个缺陷。很明显,这一点并未被公众所接受。心理医生本可以极为成功,因为他们提供的服务完全有别于精神病医疗。药物的使用会传递给病人一种信息,这种信息会干扰个人的变化和发展。药物疗法意味着治疗效果源自外部因素(external agents),而非患者在改变和发展中自身努力的结果。在这一点上,药物可能会掩饰心理治疗的效果。

  许多人偏爱心理学的非药物治疗。如果心理医生开始写处方,他们的许多病人就会转向社会研究者或其他不用药的医疗师。心理医生的处方权会对他们的职业前景(future direction of their profession.)产生深刻影响,这一点几乎是毫无疑问的(There is little question that)。

  -答案详解

  1. 【正确答案】 [B] not all psychologists would gain the right to prescribe.

  【本题考点】 推理暗示题。

  【试题精解】 文章第一、二句话:给予一部分心理治疗者处方权会分化整体从业人员,导致思想分歧。而[B]项提到并不是所有的心理学者都有开处方的权利,因此选项[B]是正确答案。

  【考点出处】 文章第一段。

  2. 【正确答案】 [C] medication diminish the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

  【本题考点】 细节判断题。

  【试题精解】 第四段末尾提到medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying ... 在…这一点上,药物可能会掩饰心理治疗的效果,选项[C]恰表述了这一意思。

  【考点出处】 第四段最后一句话。

  3. 【正确答案】 [D] they might become more influenced by the use of drugs.

  【本题考点】 推理暗示题。

  【试题精解】 文章第二段最后一句话提到像精神病医师一样,心理医生也有可能会更多地使用药物疗法。由此可以推知答案[D]为正确选项。

  【考点出处】 第二段最后一句。

  4. 【正确答案】 [B] Prescribing Medications: a Reasonable Choice.

  【本题考点】 主旨大意题。

  【试题精解】 本文主要围绕是否有必要给予心理从业人员处方权这一中心思议题展开讨论,由此可见选项[B]是正确选项。。

  【考点出处】 考查考生对全文的整体把握、归纳总结的能力。

  5. 【正确答案】 [A] to grant.

  【本题考点】 词语释义题。

  【试题精解】 accord意为:给予,[同义]grant。

  【考点出处】 第一段第六行。


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