C
Measles（麻疹）， which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more， was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine（疫苗）。 But the disease is making a comeback， caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly。 Already this year， 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA， compared with 189 for all of last year。
The numbers might sound small， but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend。 When vaccination rates are very high， as they still are in the nation as a whole， everyone is protected。 This is called “herd immunity”， which protects the people who get hurt easily， including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons， babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work。
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in。 When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride， immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger。
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County， California， where 22 measles cases were reported this month， to Brooklyn， N.Y。， where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year。
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades， and it is driven by a real but very small risk。 Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer。
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out（决定不参加） of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten。 Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免）， sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine。
Now， several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out。 But no one does enough to limit exemptions。
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons。 But personal opinions？ Not good enough。 Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide， but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks。
63.The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________。
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
64.Herd immunity works well when ____________。
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？
A.The overuse of vaccine。
B.The lack of medical care。
C.The features of measles itself。
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people。
66.What is the purpose of the passage？
A.To introduce the idea of exemption。
B.To discuss methods to cure measles。
C.To stress the importance of vaccination。
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment。
[答案]63 B 64 C 65 D 66 C
[解析]
D
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil（邪恶） minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly。 The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence（AI） may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want。 In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener， who founded the field of cybernetics（学科！网控制论）， put it this way： “If we use， to achieve our purposes， a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere（干预）， we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire。”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality， one that we usually associate with living things： a wish to preserve its own existence。 For the machine， this quality is not in-born， nor is it something introduced by humans； it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead。 So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee， it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task。 If we are not careful， then， we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined， super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own， with the real world as the chessboard。
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists。 Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall， using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world。 Unfortunately， that plan seems unlikely to work： we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans， let alone super intelligent machines。
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy。 There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines。 But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand， as it has been by some AI researchers。 Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans。 Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility。 Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen。 On September 11， 1933， famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated， with confidence， “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine。” However， on September 12， 1933， physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced（中子诱导） nuclear chain reaction。
67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may 。
A。 run out of human control
B。 satisfy human’s real desires
C。 command armies of killer robots
D。 work faster than a mathematician
68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to 。
A。 prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C。 do anything successfully with given orders
D。 beat humans in international chess matches
69.According to some researchers， we can use firewalls to 。
A。 help super intelligent machines work better
B。 be secure against evil human beings
C。 keep machines from being harmed
D。 avoid robots’ affecting the world
70.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？
A。 It will disappear with the development of AI。
B。 It will get worse with human interference。
C。 It will be solved but with difficulty。
[答案]67 A 68 B 69 D 70 C
[解析]
第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month。 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories。 72 We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforeing （加强）connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear。
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons（神经元）in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to from the next day。 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right。 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping。
If Tononi`s theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night`s，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experences。
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapscs become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size。 75 “You keep what matters，”Tononi says。
A。 We should also try to sleep well the night before。
B。 Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories。
C。 Similarly， when people go for a few days without sleeping， they get sick。
D。 The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories。
E。 That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning。
F。 “Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi， who developed the idea。
G。 Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections， or synapses， in the brains of 12 mice。
[答案]71C 72E 73F 74G 75B
[解析]
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节 （15分）
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1。你建议的线路；
2。你的理由；
3。你的祝愿。
注意：1。词数不少于50；
2。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 （20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video
[参考版答案]非官方正式答案，答案和解析为学科网解析团队老师制作，有可能存在少量错误。仅供参考使用。
实习编辑：程璐璐 责任编辑：王颖
