[题目译文]

　　在西方人的眼里，战后的日本是 。

　　[A] 处于盲目的发展中

　　[B] 一个积极的例子

　　[C] 西方的一个对手

　　[D] 处于衰落状态

　　64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?

　　[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.

　　[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.

　　[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.

　　[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.

　　[答案] D

　　[解题思路]

　　本题需要将选项与原文作一一比较。A选项关于妇女就业的问题对应于第二段的第一句“The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs”(战后生育高峰期的到来及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校学习，找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所做出的沉重的个人牺牲是否值得)，可见A选项不仅本身表述不符合原文，而且也与题干的moral decline无关。B选项对应于第二段的最后一句话“In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed”(此外，与被调查的其他10个国家的工人相比，对自身工作表示不满的日本工人要多得多)，其表面意思是正确的，但却同样与moroal decline无关。C选项对应于文章第三段第一句话“While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression”(虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试和机械学习而忽视了创造性和自我表现)，但选项中excessive一词在原文中并没有体现，且没有直接提到这种教育对于道德下降的影响。D选型对应于第三段最后一句话“Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."”(去年，时任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出责难，他认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”)和第四段第一句话“But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles”(但是，那也许与日本人的生活方式关系更大)，可见最大的因素是日本人生活方式的西化导致了道德水准的下滑。

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