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2001年Passage 1(2)

http://www.sina.com.cn   2008年09月20日 00:27   新浪考试

  Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.

  52. We can infer from the passage that ________.

  [A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation

  [B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science

  [C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community

  [D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

  [答案] B

  [解题思路]

  本题可采用排除法来解决。对于A选项来说,通过阅读第一、二段可以发现,specialization主要指的是学科细化,而professionalization指的是从事科学研究人员的职业化,两个名次针对的对象是不同的,因而是有区别的,所以A是错误选项。关于C选项,文章第三段在举geology的例子的时候,在第三句的后半句中指出“but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture”(而到了20世纪,区域地质学研究越来越倾向于必须体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌,只有这样它才能够被专业人员接受),因而可见professional接受amateurs是有条件的,即后者融入前者的文化价值和规范,但C选项没有体现这个条件,是错误的。至于D选项,第三段一句提到“A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way”(类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集在一起,形成一两个全国性的团体,而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中,要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体),可见业余者也有全国性组织,因此D选项与原文不符。因而B为正确选项,有原文为证,文章第二段第一句话就表明“No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule”(在科学领域内,专业与业余之间没有绝对的明确区分),尽管后面提到了“The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training”(这种趋势特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领内自然表现得尤为明显),这仍说明业余者至少在一些科学领域是可以与专业者并驾齐驱的。

  [题目译文]

  我们可以从文中推断出 。

  [A] 专业分工和职业化之间几乎没有区别

  [B] 在科学的一些领域,业余人员可以与专业人员竞争

  [C] 专业人员往往欢迎业余人员加入科学界

  [D] 业余人员有全国性的学术组织,却没有地方性的组织

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