主旨标题题

　　这个题型近年来是考查的重点，08年的真题考到了4个题目，同时它也是选项创新中最常实现的题型。它常常考查就是整篇文章或是某段落的主旨，或者要求为文章选一个合适的标题。

　　它的做法就是要找到文章的要点，而要跳过行文中大量的细节。在一篇文章中往往最为重要就是文章的首末段，而在一个段落内往往最为重要的也是段落的首末句，因此这个题型的要点就是重点考查文章首末段的首末句，从中得到中心词以及文章的核心。

　　(07-03-35)Which of the following is the best title for this text?

　　[A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff.

　　[C] The Middle Class in Conflict. [D] The Middle Class in Ruins.

　　这是标题题，重点考查文章主旨。直接看一下文首末段的首末名来确定答案。从选项可以看出，重点是在讨论中产阶级(middle class),主题是一致的。

　　(首段)During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

　　(末段)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

　　从首句可以看出主干的核心动词是transform：“改变”。后一句，主体意思表达也是中产阶级将变穷(reduce to newly poor)。因此这其中负面的意味非常明显。

　　从最后一段的首句，析出主干后会发现对于中产阶级来说目前的局势完全不是机会，而是挑战，(looks far less like an opportunity, and more like an acceleration of risk)可以看出中产阶级的生活正在发生巨大的变化，处在了悬崖边上(on the cliff)，答案为B。其余的答案都太大和太小。

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