D. a generalization of about the efficiency of meteorological recording stations

　　Passage Three

　　Americans are probably the most pain-conscious people on the fact of the earth. For years we have had it drummed into us-in print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversation-that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil. As a result we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers, escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal。

　　We know very little-about pain and what we don't know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain-what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause, there is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society。

　　The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse: Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers-aspirins, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesic drugs. Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache。

　　The king of all painkillers, of course, is aspirins. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, on sustained doses, potentially lethal. Aspirin is self-administered by more people than any other drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a-day. What they don't know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. Even more serious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of the connective tissue, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition。

　　Given a modicum of respect, people ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive instead of addiction to painkiller, which is also what our government should do。

　　13. The underlined phrase escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal (line 4, paragraph) is most probably mentioned to denote that＿ 。

　　A.American people cannot endure even the tiniest ache because of the abuse of painkillers。

　　B. American people cannot undergo pain as if it is an ordeal。

　　C.American people have escalated their ability to endure every kind of pain。

　　D.American people have grabbed analgesic drugs of the whole nation。

　　14. According to the 2nd paragraph of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

　　Illiteracy in the United States is widespread and causes a great deal of pain and hurt。

　　Even the most illiterate people can name a dozen of drugs that can restrain pain。

　　Sometimes pain is the result of many mental factors, such as tension, worry, stress, etc。

　　A person who cannot restrain pain by oneself is often regarded unhealthy。

　　15. Which of the following statement is true about America or American people?

　　A. Some American people take overdose of analgesic drugs and become drug addict。

　　B. American doctors are frustrated by the abuse of painkillers。

　　C. American physicians cannot give the patients correct diagnosis and treatment。

　　D.American people go to see doctors once there is a small hint of pain。

　　16. What does the author think about aspirin?

　　A.It cannot be bought unless one has the doctor's prescription。

　　B  It can be potentially lethal, but it doesn′t hurt the body on sustained does。

　　C  It can cure arthritis besides killing pain。

　　D  It will probably lead to arthritis if it is frequently used。

　　17.  What is the author's attitude toward analgesic drug?

　　A. Negative. B. Positive. C.Critical     D. Prudential。

　　Ⅴ.Translation (30points)’’

　　1. Two Chinese-English Translation (30points)

　　Translate the following passages into Chinese . Give the number of each passage in your answer sheet。

　　Passage 1

　　Although a great deal has been said about our increasingly visual age, the changes to our aural landscape have gone relatively unremarked. The image has grown so voracious that any child asked to sum up the century will instantly visualize Einstein’s hair and Hilter’s mustache, mushroom clouds and moon landings; this despite the fact that each of these visual moments has its aural correlative, from the blast over Hiroshima to the high-pitched staccato ravings of the Fiihrer, to Neil Armstrong’s static-ridden “giant leap for mankind”。

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