A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. 

　　It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。

　　All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas。

　　How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States。”

　　11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。

　　[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

　　[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before

　　[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

　　[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

　　12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____。

　　[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

　　[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

　　[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

　　[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

　　13. What can be inferred from the passage?

　　[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

　　[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

　　[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

　　[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development。

　　14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____。

　　[A]turning of the business cycle

　　[B]restructuring of industry

　　[C]improved business management

　　[D]success in education

　　名师解析

　　11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____。

　　美国在二战后取得优势地位是因为_____。

　　[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。

　　它为该目标付出了艰巨的努力。

　　[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before。

　　它的国内市场比以前大八倍。

　　[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors。

　　战争摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济。

　　[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy。

　　它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推动力。

　　【答案】 C

　　【考点】 事实细节题。

　　【分析】 第一段指出，“二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因此利用排除法，确定答案是[A]。

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