The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

　　Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health。(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity。

　　(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction 。

　　Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact。

　　Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____

　　When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful。

　　The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate。

　　The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite。(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems。

　　[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social

　　scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly

　　specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing

　　elsewhere,such as policy briefs。

　　[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the

　　100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these

　　Keywords。

　　[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies。

　　[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones。

　　[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy。

　　[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development 。

　　[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%； in most European nations , it is about 15%。

　　答案：41-45：EFBGC

　　答案详解 ：

　　文章来源于Luk Van Langenhon在《自然》杂志中关于对社会科学研究的资金未来取向，他的论据从社会科学的投资收益率角度，建议我们应该资助解决在各学科大环境下的大问题的研究。

　　41.[正确答案] ：E

　　[考点分析] 复现结构+代词纸带关系定位

　　[选项分析] 此题为段中空，因此此空所填内容是由其上下文决定的。上句中Yet this enormous resource 没有对如今的global challenges做出足够的贡献，这些global challenges 包括 climate change, security, sustainable development and health. E选项中These issues指代上句中的各种global challenges，并且all have root causes in human behavior解释了为什么说this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges。因此E 选项为正确答案。

　　42.[正确答案]：F

　　[考点分析] 上下文逻辑关系定位

　　[选项分析] 此题为段首空，其内容由下一句决定。空后说This is a shame，那么此句之前，即空中所填的内容一定是一个让人感觉 shameful的事情。只有F 选项中many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems 是应该羞愧的事情。因此可以确定F 选项为正确答案

　　43.[正确答案]：B

　　[考点分析] 复现结构定位

　　[选项分析] 此题为段尾空，其内容由上句确定。上一句句子主要意思是包括关键词environmental changed 和 climate change 的论文的数量迅速增长.，根据段落内容一致性原则，下面应该继续讲此类论文的数量问题。只有选项B 中继续说，“然而，这些数量还是很小的”，从内容上来说衔接十分紧密，因此B 为正确答案。

　　44.[正确答案]：G

　　[考点分析] 代词指代关系定位

　　[选项分析] 此题为段中空，其内容由其上下句决定。空后面句子说this is an adequate amount，这是一个充足的数字。那么空中一定要出现的是一些数字，而选项中提到数字的只有B 和G 选项。B 选择数字之前直接说明the numbers are still small，数字仍然很小，与空后面说充足的数量矛盾，故排除。G 选项national spending …varied from around 4% to 25%， 符合空中所要求的内容，故为正确答案。

　　45.[正确答案]：C

　　[考点分析] 复现结构定位+代词指代关系定位

上一页123456789下一页