2016考研英语：基础语法之倒装系列二
扫码关注考研圈微信
在上一讲中，跨考教育[微博]肖方方老师带领大家系统学习了考研[微博]中我们遇到的全部倒装结构。本篇文章，继续讲解部分倒装中的三种形式。
(一)否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语
如：never， scarcely， hardly， rarely， seldom， little， no sooner...than， hardly...when，scarcely...when (before)， not only， in no case ，at no time， on no account， by no means，under no circumstances，in no respects， no longer/no more.
例句1：Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. (2012年英语一新题型选项 [C])
分析：原句的正常语序是they not only developed such a device 后面不变。那这句话的主干是they developed such a device but they had also managed to ember it .状语是in a worldwide system 后面跟着过去分词做后置定语。
翻译：他们不仅开发出这样的一种装置，还在千禧之交成功地将它应用到一个数十亿人每天使用的世界系统中。
例句2：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.(1991年18题)
分析：原句的正常语序是he had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
翻译：他几乎不能开始演讲当观众打乱了他。
例句3： Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年Part C第46题)
分析： 该句是复合句，and前是一复合句，定语从句by which..修饰the means，后一分句中never置于句首引起倒装。
翻译： 电视是制造和表达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。
(二)only+副词/介词短语/状语从句(句首状语由only修饰)
例句4： Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (2004年Part B)
分析：除去only,原语序是linguists began the serious study of languages 该句是复合句，that were very different from their own是修饰languages的定语从句。
翻译： 直到最近，语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己所掌握的完全不同的语言。
例句5： Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted， and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
(2009年第47题)
分析： 该句是由and连接的两个并列简单句，两个分句都是以only开头的倒装句，在前一分句中，主干部分是the by product of the institution was noted， only gradually修饰noted;在后一分句中，主干是this effect was considered...， 其中only more gradually修饰considered， as a directive factor作主语this effect的补足语，介词短语in the conduct of the institution作directive factor的后置定语。
翻译： 人们只是逐渐地认识到制度这一副产品，而在运行这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有指导性作用的时间则更加缓慢。
(三)条件从句中省略if
在虚拟语气中，条件从句if省略时，倒装到主语前的是助动词should， had和系动词were。
例句： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public， our company would not be so thriving as it is. (1998年第10题)
分析： 该句是复合句，had it not been..是一个省略if的倒装从句，整个句子表示混合式虚拟语气，主句表示与现在相反假设，从句表示与过去相反假设。
翻译： 要不是公众及时投资，我们公司不会像现在这么繁荣。
文章来源：跨考教育
- 2015考研英语翻译：训练词汇和语法成分分析2014-12-27 21:28
- 考研英语：完型填空语法分析之定语从句2014-07-09 18:13
- 2015年考研英语语法长难句精析2014-06-06 16:31
- 我该如何攻克你：考研英语语法2014-05-23 13:46
- 考研英语语法：虚拟语气知多少2014-04-16 17:30
