1996年英译汉试题

　　Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

　　This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting good as opposed to bad science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects. 75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

　　翻译题解：

　　71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.

　　第二、句子的结构：

　　1)主干结构是对比句Some... are... reasonable results of... Others are reasonable consequences of...

　　2) particular advances后面有多重定语in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

　　第三、词的处理：

　　are... results of 是……的结果，来自于

　　social needs 社会需求

　　to some extent 在一定程度上

　　self-accelerating 自我加速

　　完整的译文：

　　71)在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。

　　72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　第二、句子的结构：

　　1)主干结构是主句+ when引导的时间状语，when = at that time当时，那时。

　　2)第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。

　　3)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句

　　4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是宾语从句的谓语。

　　第三、词的处理：

　　trend 趋势

　　came to the conclusion 得出结论

　　the specific demands 具体要求

　　make of 向……提出

　　scientific establishment 科研机构

　　in detail 详尽

　　完整的译文：

　　72)这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

　　73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.

　　第二、句子的结构：

　　1)主干结构是系词+过去分词+被动宾语：This seems mostly effectively done by...

　　2)research后面是双重定语not related to... but of...由此断定related to意思等于of

　　第三、词的处理：

　　This (主语代词要译出来)这一问题

　　done 解决

　　not related to 与……无关

　　immediate goals 当前目标

　　possible consequence 可能的影响

　　完整的译文：

　　73)给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

　　74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.

　　第二、句子的结构：

　　1)主干结构是the world is so... that...

　　2) some后面有多重定语of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、词的处理：

　　elegant systems (精美的)完美的体系

　　in principle 一般而言

　　deal with 解决，处理

　　aspects 原义是方面，联系上下文译成课题，问题

　　完整的译文：

　　74)然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。

　　75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance.

　　第二、句子的结构：

　　1)as well as和，以及，连接两个并列主语，must arise作句子谓语

　　2)as they have in the past方式状语，as就像是……，同……一样

　　3)giving rise to...表示伴随状语。

　　第三、词的处理：

　　New forms of thought 新的思维方式

　　new subjects for thought 新的思维对象

　　arise 出现

　　giving rise to 给出，产生，带来

　　new standards of elegance 完美的新标准

　　完整的译文：

　　75)同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。

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