一、时态和语态(The Tense and The Voice)_新浪教育

一、时态和语态(The Tense and The Voice)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/29 13:51 北航出版社

　　时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语(动作的发出者或动作的承受者)和谓语之间的关系。时态和语态方面的知识对培养听、说、读、写能力具有重要作用。

　　例1: I'd say whenever you are going after something that to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.

　　A. is belonging　　B. has belonged　　C. belongs　　D. is belonged

　　[答案] C. belongs

　　[注释] belong(属于)，own(拥有)和possess(具有)这类动词通常不用进行时态。go after追求。criminal adj.犯罪的。

　　[译文]我想说，无论何时当你在追求属于你的东西时，任何剥夺你拥有它的权利的人都是有罪的。

　　例2: The changes that place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.

　　A. took　　B. had taken　　C. have taken　　D. were taking

　　[答案] C. have taken

　　[注释] during the last sixty years暗示谓语动词需用现在完成时态。

　　[译文]最近60年来空中旅行所发生的变化即使对19世纪末20世纪初最有成就的科学家来说似乎也觉得完全是不可能的。

　　例3: He also conceived that the solar system and the universesintosexistence by a natural process and would disappear one day.

　　A. would come　　B. came　　C. was coming　　D. had come

　　[答案] D. had come

　　[注释]主句用一般过去时，从句行为发生在主句行为之前，则用过去完成时。comesintosexistence (=comesintosbeing)开始存在、成立。

　　[译文]他还认为，太阳系和宇宙是通过自然演变过程而出现的并且有朝一日会消失。

　　例4: The conveniences that Americans desire not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.

　　A. reflecting　　B. reflect　　C. reflected　　D. have reflected

　　[答案] B. reflect

　　[注释] not so much ... as ...与其说……不如说……。reflect是谓语动词，其主语是conveniences。

　　[译文]美国人所渴望的方便用具和方便设施与其说是反映了一种闲暇的生活方式，还不如说是反映了一种繁忙的生活方式，其中甚至几分钟时间也宝贵得不能被浪费掉。

　　例5: Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed.

　　A. had produced　　B. have been produced　　C. would have produced　　D. had been produced

　　[答案] D. had been produced

　　[注释]过去完成时表示过去某时间以前巳经完成的行为或状态。

　　[译文] 1897年至1919年间至少拍摄了29部描写机器人的影片。

　　例6: I would have gone to visit him in the hospial had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week.

　　A. were　　B. had been　　C. have been　　D. was

　　[答案] D. was

　　[注释] would have gone表示过去时间的虚拟语气, but表示语气的转折，故用陈述语气的一般过去时，即was。be occupied繁忙。

　　[译文]如果可能的话，我本来要到医院去看他，但是上周整整一周我忙得不可开交。

　　例7: For him to be reelcted, what is essential is not that his policy works, but that the public believe that it .

　　A. is　　B. does　　C. has done　　D. is done

　　[答案] B. does

　　[注释] does代替works，it意为his policy。not that ... but that不是因为……,而是因为……。

　　[译文]为了他能连任，真正重要的不是他的政策有成效，而是公众认为，他的政策有作用。

　　例8: By the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks.

　　A. shall stay　　B. have stayed　　C. will have stayed　　D. have been staying

　　[答案] C. will have stayed

　　[注释] By the time you arrive in London表示"到将来某个时间点为止",所以主句的谓语需用将来完成时态。

　　[译文]到你到达伦敦时，我们在欧洲已经呆了两周了。

　　例9: Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.

　　A. is to be　 B. can be 　C. will be 　D. has been

　　[答案] A. is to be

　　[注释] be (am,is,are或was,were)和不定式连用，可以表示：1)按计划或安排要发生的事或打算做的事：I am to see him today at six o'clock. 2)该做或不该做的事(接近should,must,ought to,have to): You are not to smoke in this room. 3)能不能发生的事(接近can,may):How am I to pay such a debt? 4)不可避免将要发生的事，后来将发生的事：The worst is still to come. 5) (用于条件从句)如果要想……(接近if...want to,或if ... should): If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up.又如：If there is to be revolution,there must be a revolutional army.本题属于上述第5种用法。

　　[译文]假如想要避免食品短缺，那就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。

　　例10：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents ill at the time.

　　A. were　　B. had been　　C. are　　D. would be

　　[答案] A. were

　　[注释]本题中主句谓语用表示过去时间的虚拟语气，而虚拟条件句中宾语从句中的谓语是表示过去实际存在的状态，故应该用陈述语气。had you gone是if you had gone的省略倒装形式。

　　[译文]如果你去向数学老师讲清楚，那时你父母亲病了，他是会乐意给你一次补考机会的。

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