提纲式作文是一种控制性作文。它要求考生紧扣提示的中心思想,按照提纲提供的要点和思路进行写作。考生必须在正确理解题意的基础上,根据提纲去选择素材和构思,写出意义连贯、表达清晰的短文。

　　例:应用文

　　Directions:

　　Water pollution is a serious problem threatening the survival of human beings, plants and animals. It is urgent that some strong measures be adopted to relieve the problem.

　　There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write a letter to the newspaper based on the following outline:

　　1. Present situation

　　2. Suggested measures to be taken

　　3. Future prospectDear Sir or Madam,

　　I'm writing to you to state my view on the water pollution problem. Everyone agrees that water pollution is a serious problem today. Rivers, lakes and even oceans all over the world are becoming polluted with garbage and dangerous chemicals. Factories contribute to the problem because they rely on rivers for disposing of wastes. Oil and other chemicals can kill fish and make water unsafe for drinking. In brief, polluted water is a hazard to everyone.

　　Since people are dependent on water, they should be involved in finding a solution to this problem. I think, certain counter measures should be taken as soon as possible. In the first place, the governments both in developed countries and in developing ones should lay down rules and regulations in respect to the pollution problem. Secondly, factories in towns and cities must be forbidden to drain waste liquidssintosrivers, lakes and seas before they are totally treated and purified. With the progress of science and technology, a series of advanced methods has to be developed to treat contaminated water.

　　I am certain that remarkable results will be achieved in this respect. Rivers which used to be polluted by industrial wastes will be cleaned and fish which could not live there a few years ago will be seen again. To conclude, it seems clear that the problem will be solved to a great extent when everyone realizes the urgency to deal with it and tries hard to seek solutions for its control. If any further comment on the issue is required, please feel free to contact me.

　　Yours sincerely

　　John Smith

　　(271 words)

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