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2003年研究生入学考试英语试题及答案详解

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/07/15 15:53  双博士丛书

  SectionⅠListening Comprehension

  Directions:

  This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questi
ons that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.

  Remember, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I.

  Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

  Part ADirections:

  You will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write ONLY 1 WORD OR NUMBER in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)

  Boston Museum of Fine Arts

  Founded(year) 1870Opened to the public(year)1

  Moved to the current location (year)1909The west wing completed(year) 2Number of departments 9

  The most remarkable department 3

  Exhibition space (m2) 4

  Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000

  Programs provided classeslectures5films

  Part BDirections:

  You will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use notmore than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice.You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple?6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other?

  8 Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder?10

  Part C Directions:

  You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one,you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answereach question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)

  Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

  11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they .

  A. sleep in three distinct parts

  B. have many five-minute naps

  C. sleep in one long block

  D. take one or two naps daily

  12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by.

  A. its genes

  B. its habit

  C. its mental state

  D. its physical condition

  13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should.

  A. take some refreshment

  B. go to bed early

  C. have a long rest

  D. give in to sleep

  Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with ShermanAlexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.

  14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?

  A. He could bring unfinished work home.

  B. He might have time to pursue his interests.

  C. He might do some evening teaching.

  D. He could invest more emotion in his family.

  15.What was his original goal at college?

  A. To teach in high school.

  B. To write his own books.

  C. To be a medical doctor.

  D. To be a mathematician.

  16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?

  A. To follow his father.

  B. For an easy grade.

  C. To change his specialty.

  D. For knowledge of poetry.

  Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.

  17. What is the most important thing in public speaking?

  A. Confidence.

  B. Preparation.

  C. Informativeness.

  D. Organization.

  18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention?

  A. Gather abundant data.

  B. Organize the idea logically.

  C. Develop a great opening.

  D. Select appropriate material.

  19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before,you will feel .

  A. uneasy

  B. uncertain

  C. frustrated

  D. depressed

  20. Who is this speech most probably meant for?

  A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.

  B. Those trying to improve their public image.

  C. Those planning to take up some public work.

  D. Those eager to become effective speakers.

  You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

  Section II Use of English

  Directions:

  Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

  Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26

  by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competitionthat it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Makingfriends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

  In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.

  21. A. thought B. idea C. opinion D. advice

  22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance

  23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure

  24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because

  25. A. assistance B.guidance C. confidence D. tolerance

  26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed

  27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise

  28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense

  29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging

  30. A. durable B. excessive C. surplus D. multiple

  31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation

  32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security

  33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely

  34. A. similar B. long C. different D. short

  35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if

  36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something

  37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone

  38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand

  39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking

  40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency

  Section III Reading Comprehension Directions:

  Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

  Text 1

  Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the“great game”of espionage—spying as a“profession”. These days the Net, which has already remade pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.

  The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen'se-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it“open source intelligence,”and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions,whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.

  Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.

  Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the farcorners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor.“And we'll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.

  Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key toits success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-andforthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they mightbe wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

  41. The emergence of the Net has

  A. received support from fans like Donovan.

  B. remolded the intelligence services.

  C. restored many common pastimes.

  D. revived spying as a profession.

  42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to

  A. introduce the topic of online spying.

  B. show how he fought for the U.S.

  C. give an episode of the information war.

  D. honor his unique services to the CIA.

  43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means

  A. causing the biggest trouble.

  B. exerting the greatest effort.

  C. achieving the greatest success.

  D. enjoying the widest popularity.

  44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 that

  A. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.

  B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.

  C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.

  D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.

  45.Straitford is most proud of its

  A. official status.

  B. nonconformist image.

  C. efficient staff.

  D. military background.

  Text 2

  To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rightsruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

  For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.

  Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We needto make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

  Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

  46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to

  A. call on scientists to take some actions.

  B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.

  C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.

  D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.

  47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is

  A. cruel but natural.

  B. inhuman and unacceptable.

  C. inevitable but vicious.

  D. pointless and wasteful.

  48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's

  A. discontent with animal research.

  B. ignorance about medical science.

  C. indifference to epidemics.

  D. anxiety about animal rights.

  49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should

  A. communicate more with the public.

  B. employ hi-tech means in research.

  C. feel no shame for their cause.

  D. strive to develop new cures.

  50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is

  A. a well-known humanist.

  B. a medical practitioner.

  C. an enthusiast in animal rights.

  D. a supporter of animal research.

  Text 3

  In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

  Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

  The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.

  Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.

  Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rateincreases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

  51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because

  A. cost reduction is based on competition.

  B. services call for cross-trade coordination.

  C. outside competitors will continue to exist.

  D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.

  52.What is many captive shippersattitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?

  A. Indifferent.

  B. Supportive.

  C. Indignant.

  D. Apprehensive.

  53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that

  A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.

  B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.

  C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.

  D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.

  54.The word“arbiters”(paragraph 4)most probably refers to those

  A. who work as coordinators.

  B. who function as judges.

  C. who supervise transactions.

  D. who determine the price.

  55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by

  A. the continuing acquisition.

  B. the growing traffic.

  C. the cheering Wall Street.

  D. the shrinking market.

  Text 4

  It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americanslife expectancy has nearly doubled overthe past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.

  Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

  In 1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age——say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty to die and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

  I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can managethe health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.

  Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, wemay be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.

  56.What is implied in the first sentence?

  A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.

  B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

  C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.

  D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

  57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show that

  A. medical resources are often wasted.

  B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.

  C. some treatments are too aggressive.

  D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.

  58.The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of

  A. strong disapproval.

  B. reserved consent.

  C. slight contempt.

  D. enthusiastic support.

  59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care

  A. more flexibly.

  B. more extravagantly.

  C. more cautiously.

  D. more reasonably.

  60.The text intends to express the idea that

  A. medicine will further prolong people's lives.

  B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.

  C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.

  D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.

  Part BDirections:

  Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at theirplace in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all theirrichness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of livingwith themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.

  “Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and“logos”:“the study of”. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.

  Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors inthe same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

  Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.

  All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

  Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, soprofound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture islearned, shared, and patterned behavior.

  (65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

  Section IV Writing66.Directions:

  Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which youshould1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and 2) point out its implications in our life.

  You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

  参考答案及详解(答案及解析仅供参考)

  SectionⅠListening Comprehension

  Part A

  题号正确答案可接受答案

  1.1876可加中文“年”字

  2.1981可加中文“年”字

  3.textiles

  4.1913719137 m2,19137

  5.concerts concert

  Part B

  6.the couple themselves themselves

  7.constructively in constructive ways

  8.a qualified psychologist qualified psychologists

  9.good intentions good intention

  10.absence separation

  Part C

  11-20(略)

  SectionⅡUse of English

  内容概要:本文论述在青少年教育方面,安排活动的过程中所应注意的事项。第一段讲的是在青少年面对竞争时,要让他们有成就感而不是失败感;第二段则说明在安排活动的过程中,要针对青少年注意力集中时间各不相同这一特点而安排各种活动,让每个人都能积极参加而不会觉得失败。

  21. D文章开头第一句话即指出教师们应清楚年轻人所经历的情感、智力和身体方面的变化。本句承接第一句,所以其中的两个“they”所指的分别是教师和青少年。即教师要在一些方面给学生以某种东西。再浏览一下四个选项,就很自然可以得出结论。在此基础上,可再结合空格后的搭配关系加以验证。give thought to意思是对某事予以考虑,与上文不通。B)idea无法与give搭配,因为idea是一个内心的想法,只能说有(have)某种想法;C)opinion无论从意义上还是搭配上都不正确。

  22. Bhow从句中的主语they指的是青少年。根据上一句的change和本句中的关键线索宾语change,以及下一句中的24题之后的adjust to,可以肯定此处应填入表示“适应”一义的动词,故选B。

  23. C答对本题的关键在于and一词和这一段的主题词之一的movement。也就是说,空格中的词与and之前的movement要相近或属于同一类,同时又要与movement有关,符合这两个条件的只有exercise。

  24. D此处要求填入一个连词,引导一个状语从句,因此应冷静分析从句的内容与主句内容的关系。如果没有把握,最好等做完25和26题之后,再来做这一题。主句的大体意思是:青少年尤其敏感,尤其需要信心。那么这与从句“他们在适应一系列的变化”存在一种什么样的逻辑关系呢?显然不是条件关系,排除A)。C)Whereas引导表示对比的从句,而且要放在主句的后面,C)被排除。剩下的B)和D)中,不难看出,因果关系较之于转折关系更符合逻辑。

  25. C本题较为简单。主要线索在于空格后的定语从句,其它的线索还有诸如competition, winners, losers等一些零散的词。但此处是做对第24题和第26题的关键,所以对这种题马虎不得。

  26. B本句中achieving success和knowing ...是并列的动名词短语。空格处连同前面第25题合在一起的意思就是:从获得成功和自己的成就被别人……而来的信心,所以破折号部分肯定是“认可”或“钦佩”等类似意义的词。再看选项,A)claim后常接所说的话,表示“声称”的意思。也可以接物质名词,表示“承认,认领”,但无论如何与accomplishment搭不上边;C)表示“忽视、忽略”,D)“超过,超越”,但如果你的成就被别人忽视或超越了,信心可能也就无处可来了,所以C)、D)都不对。

  27. D逻辑判断加词义判断是答对本题的要素。句子的意思是:典型的青少年的生活充满了如此之多的竟争(竞争太激烈了),所以设计一些赢者更多的活动是……的。上面的一句话中说青少年需要成功带来信心,所以本句中的这种活动无疑是正确的、明智的。选项A)“不合适的”和B)“危险的”与上文矛盾,不可取;C)表示“公平的,公正的”,不能说“设计(计划)一些活动”是否公正,所以不通。

  28. C撇开第29题不说(事实上可以顺便看一眼选项,四个都是动名词),应能看到空格后的publishing……,29题以后的sponsoring是并列的(而且是用逗号标志的)。对写作稍有感觉的话,马上可以断定C)是正确的,再用29题验证一下,这几个动名词不就是activities的几个例子吗?没有感觉的话,也可以用排除法。A)in effect在作插入语的时候,类似于in fact,表示“实际上”。如:He is, in effect, my rival. (实际上他是我的竞争对手。)B)as a result表示结果;D)in a sense表示补充或缓和语气,意为“在某种意义上”,逻辑上都不通。这一题还告诉我们,做Cloze时一眼看的东西尽量要多一点。

  29. A只要看清28题中所说的并列关系,这一题应该是很简单的。四个选项也都是高频词,选择“展出(display)”顺理成章,做题时不妨兼顾一下前面的“publishing”这个词。

  30. D本题为词义辨析题,四个选项略显冷僻,它们分别是:A)耐久的;B)过多的,过分的;C)过剩的,剩余的;D)多样的,多重的。A)明显不能修饰opportunities;B)、C)中均含“过”义,不对。

  31. A本题有较大的难度。可以分三步去做。

  (一)先将四个选项作一下分类,可以看出A/D表示集体,B/C表示个体。

  (二)在第一步的基础上,再进行A/D或B/C的二选一。选项D)表示“企业,公司”一类,可以排除;B/C中,B)表示“个体”,与“group”互为反义,这样C)可自然排除。所以答案应当在A/B之间。

  (三)确定究竟填的词是表示集体还是个体。考虑一下他们(青少年)所在的环境——俱乐部,群体的可能性大一些。原因之二:as well as连接的往往是一个事物的两个相反的方面,它前面的部分是“领导的机会”,锻炼的当然是个人的(领导)能力,与之相对的应该是集体的方面;原因之三:dynamics在此处取的是它比较生僻的意思。Dynamics通常表示动力学,但在本句中它指的是:the social, intellectual, or moral forces that produceactivity and change in a given sphere即社会力量:社会的、理智的或道德的力量,它在一定范围内产生、运动与变化。《美国传统词典(双解)》如:The dynamics of international trade have influenced our business decisions on this matter.国际贸易的动态影响了我们对此所作的商务决定。基于此,答案应为A。

  32. C本题主要为词义辨析,可逐一排除。A)表示“同意;赞成”,分别与agreement和permission同义;B)指“保险(业)”或“预防失败的措施”;C)指“允许进入”或“进入,加入”;D)“安全,安全感”。结合上文,B)、D)明显没有道理;对于腼腆的孩子们,他们也并不需要某个组织(俱乐部)的agreement或permission,只能选择C)。这句话的意思是:许多腼腆的孩子们需要加入某个组织。

  33. B本题的关键是要注意到visible之后的in the background。既然是在幕后,当然不是在亮点上露面,所以此处要选“几乎不”一词,即B)。rarely表示“(几乎)从来不;很少”;表频率,只能修饰动词或具有动作性质的形容词,如“present,angry,late”等,但不能修饰表示纯状态的形容词,以-ble为后缀的派生词就是其中一种。理解barely和rarely的区别时可以部分参考not和never的区别。

  34. Cattention span是一个心理学术语,指的是注意力集中的时间长度。在青少年以及儿童群体中,每个人的attention span是不一样的,这是一个常识。从纯粹语言的角度来看,本题也应选C),线索在于span用了复数形式以及下面一句中的a variety of activities。

  35. C本题考察的是状语从句连词。主句“安排各种各样的活动”的目的是为了让参加者积极参与,因而后面的从句是表示目的的状语,因此要选C)“为了”。其它三个选项均表示条件或让步,不可。

  36. D根据上文,安排多种活动的目的是让参加者参加一项活动之后再去参加别的活动,所以要选肯定意义的词,A)或D)。而事实上,活动只能一项一项地参加,不可能同时参加所有的活动,所以不能选everything,故正确答案为D)。

  37. B固定词组搭配。Let与四个选项搭配后的四个词组分别是:let sb. off:解雇;let sb. down:扫(某人的)兴;失约;let sb. out:让(允许)出去;let sb. alone:不打扰,让一个人呆着。通常,我们离开某项活动时也许会让别人扫兴,故此应选B)。

  38. A标志词是近年来常考的一项,但为数并不多,也不难记,建议考生熟练掌握。本题前面的句子是个否定句,因此后面是对上句的转折,因此选A)“相反”。其它三个选项分别是:B)平均;C)总的来说;D)另一方面

  39. C注意本题考的不是固定词组。A)、B)、D)均是固定词组,但意义均不通。make for的意思是向某个方向前进;stand for意为“代表;象征”;take for的意思是“认为”。而根据第27题所在的句子中有plan activities;本段第二句话也说avariety of activities should be organized;选择plan较为正确。空格后的for roles作不及物动词plan的状语。

  40. A本题是词义辩析题,只要认识选项中的四个词,即可很容易得出正确答案。它们分别是:A)能力;B)责任;C)在用于“proficiency test”中,通常译为“能力考试”,但真正的意思是“熟练,精通,熟练程度”;D)效率。

  Section III Reading Comprehension

  Part A

  Text 1

  内容概述:本文讲述的是Internet对于现代间谍业的影响。文章第一段以中央情报局的奠基人Dill Donovan为引子,引出话题,第二段简要介绍Internet Spying作为一个行业的发展,最后三段介绍了Straitford Inc.公司、其成功之处以及它的特点。

  Difficult Words and Expressions

  lay the root for为……打下基础

  espionage间谍活动

  spook幽灵;间谍

  compile搜集

  by a…margin以……之差

  mutually相互

  vacuum up (彻底)搜集

  sign-up注册

  41. B见第一段最后一句“These days the Net ...is reshaping Donovan's vocation”。从上文我们知道,Donovan是间谍出身,因而Donovan's vocation即指间谍业,reshape与remold又是同义,选项B)与该句完全对应。

  42. A请见内容概述。

  43. Cmake[cut]a splash原意为发出泼溅声;比喻摆阔,摆排场,炫耀,引起哄动等。在此处可结合下文考虑。这类判断词义的题其答案通常都只在其所在的段落中,所以重点要在本段中寻找答案。一在紧接下来的第二句中即提到Straitford如何挣钱,而整段(包括后文)均没有提到A)惹麻烦;B)作出努力;D)受欢迎,故此选C)。

  44. D既然题干中出现“it can be learned from paragraph 4”,本题答案应当在第四段。根据第二句“上周该公司正忙于从世界各地搜集(挖空)数据”可知其收集的数据极为全面和相当可靠的。因此选D)。作者在谈到风险的时候,加以肯定,但又用了“of course”来削弱语气,可知这不是重点所在,故不能选B)、C)。关于这条信息的结果,作者引用了Friedman的话,其中又是将来时态,A)的完成时与此相矛盾,故A)也不正确。

  45. B题干中的“is proud of”与文章最后一句中的takes pride in意义相同,可知答案即其后的“its independent voice”。选项B)中的nonconformist原指“非国教徒,不遵奉英国国教的基督新教徒”,引申为“不符合准则或规范的人;不服从,或拒绝被既定的信仰,风俗,或规则约束的人”,即有独立观点之意。

  Text 2

  内容概述:本文是关于动物试验的一篇议论文。作者先是呼吁科学家们要对动物保护主义者的攻击作出有力反应,接着举例说明了公众因无知所产生的误解,最后针对这种情况提出了解决的方案:宣传和教育。

  Difficult Words and Expressions

  advocate拥护者

  allegation主张,断言

  perplex困惑,使……迷惑

  brochure小册子

  immunization免疫,接种

  epidemics流行病

  compassionate富于同情心的

  vaccination接种疫苗

  stakeholder股东

  recruit使恢复,补充,征募

  ember余烬

  46. A作者针对动物保护主义者反对动物试验的言论使公众困惑(这在作者看来是错误的,有误导性的),引用Edmund Burke的话来说明,如果正当的事业得不到公众的支持,那么那些误导的事业就会成功。作者以此来呼吁生化科学家们采取行动来争取人们的理解和支持。本题的直接线索可在第三句话的开头找到,作者说“Scientists need to respond ...”即是在呼吁科学家们采取行动。

  47. B本题可根据前三段中关于被误导的人们的描述所得出的整体印象直接得出结论。最直接的线索是:第三段的最后一句话中说,对这些人而言,“对动物试验最好听的说法是它是一种浪费,说得难听的话,它则是残酷。”A)错在“natural”一词;C)错在“inevitable”,这两个词均与“wasteful”相左;D)则没有提到人们强烈反对动物试验的主要原因,认为它“cruel”,选项中的pointless(没有目的的)与wasteful意义重合。

  48. B本题能直接从例子所在的第三段的最后一句话得出答案,仔细推敲的话,也可由以下事实得出结论:(1)老太太身为动物保护的倡导者,在不知道疫苗来自于动物试验时,鼓励人们不要反对接种;(2)等她知道疫苗来自于动物试验时,她的观点就变了;(3)她对科学家如何发现治疗传染病根本就不知道。

  49. A本题考察全文的主题。作者遵循的是提出问题-分析问题原因-解决问题这个议论文的老套路。既然问题出自公众因无知受误导,解决的办法就只有教育公众,与他们进行交流。作者在第一、三、四段不止一次提出了这个主题。主题的直接出现是在第三段的第一句话。

  50. D从Stephen Cooper所惟一出现的第四段中,我们无从看出他的职业,如果不了解Stephen Cooper,不宜妄加猜测,因此A)、B)不大可能是答案。我们只能根据“who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”进行推理,可以看出,C)中用的enthusiast(狂热者)有些言过其实,不如D)准确。

  Text 3

  内容概述:本文是一篇经济类的议论文,作者对近年来美国的铁路垄断和兼并从正反两个方面进行了分析和论述。文章的第一段描绘了铁路垄断的现状和趋势。第二段先将垄断支持一方的论点——兼并能降低成本、提供更好的服务、由于公路运输的竟争所以不会出现垄断——提出来,然后引用托运方的观点加以批驳,指出长途公路运输过于昂贵。第三段指出虽然托运方可以向政府诉讼以获得费率补偿,但由于代价巨大、耗时太久,并且只适用于极端的情况,所以并不实用。第四段批驳了铁路方的另一论点——长远来看,对“受迫”托运人的不公平符合所有人的利益,作者指出这将使铁路方成为托运公司孰枯孰荣的决定者。第五段进一步指出,许多的兼并是赔本的,这种亏损最终恐怕只会落在托运方的头上。

  Difficult Words and Expressions

  monopoly垄断

  merger合并

  substantial可观的

  coordinate调节

  consolidation合并

  captive被俘虏的

  shoulder承担

  transaction交易

  51. C由题干中的those who support mergers可知本题答案在第二段。这一段的前两句是支持兼并的观点。本题的答案在第二句话,它的意思是:他们说,任何垄断的威胁都将被卡车带来的激烈竞争消除掉。因为本文讲的是火车垄断,所以此处的卡车即与选项C)中的outside competitors相对应,也就是说,因为还有别的竞争,所以铁路垄断不太可能。

  52. D首先要认识选项中这四个形容词。A)漠然的,不在乎的;B)支持的;C)愤怒的;D)担心的。文章中最明显的线索在最后一段第一句话的开头部分,“Many captive shippers alsofear ...”。

  53. C第三段的最后一句话告诉我们,虽然托运方可以向政府诉讼以获得费率补偿,但这个过程代价巨大、耗时太久,并且只适用于极端的情况,由此可以推断他们不大可能这样做。

  54. B本题考察考生利用上下文线索猜单词的能力,在本题中要使用的技巧是“利用重复猜测词义”。单词arbiter所在的短语arbiters of who wins and who loses对应于上一句中的...inthe position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fall,因此可以看出arbiters可解释为those who determine,引申为judges。但要注意不是D),因为D)中多了蛇足the price,反而不是正确答案了。

  55. A这是最后一段的主要内容,第二、三、四句合起来的意思是:铁路工业尽管前途一片光明,但目前仍入不敷出,但仍然大量接待进行亏本兼并。所以应选择A)。acquisition原意指获得,也有兼并之意。

  Text 4

  内容概述:本文以死亡为题,指出人们(美国人)要正确面对死亡。第一段指出,尽管医学取得了巨大的进步,但死亡是不可避免的。第二段以晚期癌症为例,批评了人们在这种无可救药的疾病上的浪费。接下来指出对于正常的疾病人们还是要加以预防和对付的。最后一段,作者借呼吁向日本和瑞典学习指出美国的不足:在不治之症上花费太多,而在研究如何提高人民生活方面的治疗研究上却投入太少。

  56. C理解这一题要求有三个要素:对全文主题的把握、对第一段主题的把握和对“optional”的准确理解。全文的主题是要人们正确面对死亡,第一段的主题在它的最后一句话,再好的医疗系统也治不了死亡。而原话中的“optional”更不可忽视,它其实指的是美国人对待死亡的态度——认为死亡是一种可选的事情。第一句话综合起来的意思是:英国人面对死亡时压力巨大,加拿大人认为死亡是不可避免的,而美国人认为死亡是一种可以自由选择的。由此可见,美国人对自己的医疗条件过于自信。接下来自然过渡到主题:再先进的医疗系统也不能治疗死亡。

  57. A在第二段提到癌症时作者用的是这个句子:The most obvious example is late-stage cancer。故此它例释的是它之前的一句,即:Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless.也就是说,由于我们自己不用付钱,我们要求为我们做一切可能的事情,哪怕是没有用。既然是没有用的也去做,不就是浪费吗?

  58. B做本题要考虑两处。作者在第二段引用Richard Lamm的话时,是表现出一定的赞同的;但在下面一段开头,又说“I would not go that far”,表现出了一定的保留,故综合起来,应选择B)“有保留的同意”。

  59. D根据最后的两句话,日本和瑞典在医疗上花的钱较少,但比美国人活得更长、更健康,而美国在不治之症上花费太多,而在研究如何提高人民生活方面的治疗研究上却投入太少,很明显日本和瑞典在医疗上的投入比美国更为理智。

  60. C主旨判断题。作者要人们正确面对死亡,而正确面对死亡的基础是正确看待它。作者在第二段开头指出:死亡是正常的,即使在理想的条件下,我们也注定要解体、要死亡。也就是说,死亡是一个事实,我们应当接受这个事实。

  Part B

  61.而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。

  62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

  63.强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

  64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个交合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信息、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。”

  65.因此,人类学中的文化概念就像数学中“集合”的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

  SectionⅣWriting (20 points)

  66.参考范文

  A GREENHOUSE FLOWER CANNOT GO THROUGH THE STORMS

  Under the shield of glass, a noble precious flower Rosy in the cozy greenhouse is comfortably enjoying the music played by the thunder and the raindrops fallingon the roof. The music is soothing. The world is beautiful. And she is blooming—even when the other flowers outside are frozen to death.

  Summer comes and she is welcomed to enjoy the sunshine in the open. A few hours later, the dancing bees tell her that they sense a storm is coming and they mustgo home. Rosy isn't worried. The gardener will always come and take her back to the greenhouse. She is so precious.

  Hardly has five minutes passed when the thunder begins to roar. Heavy raindrops fall hard on her. Worse still, the cold wind makes her chilly all over. It is not until the storm is over that the gardener realizes that he has forgot ten all about Rosy. Age has made him forgetful. He hurries to the garden. But, alas!

  All the petals of Rosy are on the ground - in the mud. So are her leaves!Looking at the other flowers which grow sound and fine in the open, he sighs,“I should have ...”

  Dear friend, shouldn't we think twice when we're protecting our children from any hardship just like the gardener protects his precious Rosy in the greenhouse?



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