考研英语阅读理解动宾结构提问1999年真题解析_新浪教育

考研英语阅读理解动宾结构提问1999年真题解析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/07/30 14:54 双博士丛书

　　1999年第5篇全真考研题

　　Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments: Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them

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fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not upsintosthe tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of theheavens, the moon and the planets.

　　How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling upsintosthe tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering.His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend

　　to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.

　　In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the“scientific method”a substitute for imaginative thought. I've attended research conferencesswheresa scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said“the data are still inconclusive.”“We know that,”the men from the budget office have said.“but what doyouthink? Is it worthwhile going on? What doyouthink we might expect?”The scientist has been shocked atshavingseven been asked to speculate.What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that henot only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to the plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe thatscientists who know exactlyswheresthey are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to astandard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his paperswould appear to reflect is management to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who“work well with the team.”67. The author wants to proved with the example of Isaac Newton that.A. inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB. science advances when fruitful researches are conductedC. scientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchD. unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research68. The author asserts that scientists.A. shouldn't replace“scientific method”with imaginative thoughtB. shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things

　　C. should write more concise reports for technical journalsD. should be confident about their research findings69. It seems that some young scientists.A. have a keen interest in predictionB. often speculate on the futureC. think highly of creative thinkingD. stick to“scientific method”70. The author implies that the results of a scientific research.A. may not be as profitable as they are expectedB. can be measured in dollars and centsC. rely on conformity to a standard patternD. are mostly underestimated by management

　　67. A本题又是“for example”题型，举例是为了说明第一句的观点：科学更依靠观察实验的人的有准备的头脑。68. B本题型系属动宾结构的提问方式，我们可以根据题干的字词，直接在文章中找到答案“他(牛顿)只是感到迷惑不解。他的思想在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的主要特性。如果你没有不可预测的事情，你就用不着研究了”。

　　69. D原文Line 12-13：年轻科学家喜欢用scientific method来作为imaginative thoughts的替代品，而后者是作者所坚持的，可见年轻的科学家坚持scientific method.

　　70. A推理判断题。文章最后一段表达了作者的疑虑：科学家已成了他们自己著述的牺牲品。他们对实验结果所下的令人不容置疑的断言不但令他们自己，同时也让企业管理部门相信其预测的准确性。如果实验完全按报告中所陈述的那样去做，那企业领导就完全可以符合逻辑地期望研究成果能用具体金额来衡量。审计员们也完全有理由相信，确切了解研究方向和研究目标的科学家就不必一边实验，一边计算其收益，从而分散了他们的注意力。如果科学家和他们的著作想反映的一样都希望能符合一种标准的模式，那么就不应该责备管理部门歧视研究人员中“头脑古怪的人”而支持与一起工作的人协作的世俗的思考问题者。由此可以推断，科研成果实际上并没有如预计的那样赢利。可见，A是作者所要暗示的想法。

　　译文

　　在实践中，科学与其说依靠事先准备的实验还不如说是依靠实验观察者有所准备的头脑。艾萨克-牛顿爵士通过对苹果落地进行研究发现了万有引力定律。多少个世纪以来苹果一直在许多地方落到地面上，成千上万的人也看到过苹果落地。但多年来牛顿一直对月球和行星绕轨道运行的起因好奇。是什么力促使它们处于现在的位置呢?它们为何不落到天空之外呢?苹果向下落到地上而不是向上飞到树上这一事实回答了牛顿长期以来一直对月球和行星所存有的疑问，月球和行星是苍天中更大的果实。有多少人考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?然而牛顿就考虑过，因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是喜欢思索。他的思想在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究不可缺少的一个重要特征。如果没有不可预测现象，就用不着研究了。科学家们在为科学杂志撰写千篇一律的报告时往往会忘记这一点，但是历史上这样的例子历历可数。在与一些科学家，特别是青年科学家交谈时，你可能会形成这样一种印象：他们找到了“科学的方法”——一种取代了想象思维的方法。我出席过一些科研会议，在会上曾经有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。这位科学家皱了皱眉头，看了看图表，然后说：“数据还是不够充分。”主管预算的人员说：“这点我们知道，但你的意见怎样?值得继续进行吗?你认为我们可以期待着什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊，他没想到他们会叫他做出臆测。

　　当然，这似乎等于说：这位科学家已成了他自己论文的受害者。他们对实验结果所下的断言是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不仅令他们自己，而且也让工商管理部门相信其预测的准确性。如果实验完全按科学杂志报告中所陈述的那样按事先的计划去设计完成，那么管理部门可以期待研究成果用美元、美分来衡量，这完全是符合逻辑的。审计员们也完全有理由相信那些有明确目标，并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家没有必要分心，一只眼睛盯着现金计数器，另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。假如规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性像他们的论文反映的那样，令科学家们满意，那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪人”，而喜欢“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人，这也是无可指责的。

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