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考研英语第一时间模拟试题I(答案与分析)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/11/14 14:13  新浪教育

  Section I Listening Comprehension

  [答案]

  Part A

  1. 900000 2. 1975 3. free 4. 5∶30 5. vary

  Part B

  6. experienced (ones/people) 7. Monday to Friday 8. onc e a month

  9. a shorthand typist 10. a busy supermarket

  Part C

  11.D 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D

  16.D 17.D 18.A 19.A 20.B

  Part A

  [录音文稿]

  Although our university is a comparatively small one, it has always attempted to ensure that it possesses a library stock of exceptionally high quality in all t he subject fields which are studied here. This policy is reflected in the richne ss of the librarys stock, which now stands at over 900000 volumes

  , with over 4,500 periodical titles. And the quality of the librarys reference collection is particularly high, and many valuable reference works which other academic lib raries lack are available here. Subscriptions are also maintained to such expens ive publications as the three Citation Indexes, in Science, Social Science and A rts.

  The University Library is situated in the middle of the university campus. The l ibrary building which won an award from the Royal Institute of British Architect s, was officially opened in September of 1975. Its most striking externa l feature is the solar heatreflecting tinted glass which covers the whole of t wo sidesand part of a third. Inside the building there is space for 800 readers. And we have two branch libraries, the Clinical Sciences Library in the Royal In firmary, containing the collections in clinical medicine, and the School of Educ ation Library, which contains the main education collection.

  Anyone has open access to library materials and services are free to all the stu dents and staff of the university. You can study in the library but if you want to borrow books you must join. Just go to the main desk near the entrance on the ground floor and fill in the form.

  During term time, the library is open on weekdays from 9 in the morning until 9 in the evening, except on Friday when we close at 5∶30. On Satu rday it stays open from 9 in the morning to 5 in the evening. We dont open on Sundays. And our opening hours during the vacation vary. So ask the staff for deta ils.

  Part B

  [录音文稿]

  David: Hi! Youre listening to Radio South West. The best in the South West for music and uptotheminute news. Sues here. Hello, Sue.

  Sue:Hello, David.

  David: And weve got the job spot for you today. So, if youre unemploy ed or looking for a new job, this could be the spot for you. So, lets have a l ook, see what weve got today. How about a hairdresser? You must be exp erienced for this job and the pay will be agreed. So thatll depend on e xperience. The hours are 8∶30 to 5∶00,Monday to Friday, and Saturday 8∶45 to 1 p.m. So tha ts hours 8∶30 to 5∶00 Monday to Friday, and Saturday 8∶45 to 1 p.m. A hairdresser. How about you, Sue, what have you got?

  Sue: Right, David. Well, the first one weve got is a cook. Thats in a large, busy restaurant, so its very useful to have experience in largescale cooking. The age is around twentyfive or so and the pay is an hour. So thats not bad, isnt it? The hours are good too. Thats Monday to Friday , 3∶00 till 6∶30.

  David: Great. Thanks. Sue. So thats a cook. Now, how do you fancy working out of doors? How do you fancy being a gardener? Theres no age restric tions on this job. So as long as youre fit and strong, any age. Thatll suit you. And if youre keen on gardening this could be a great job. The pay is .7 0 an hour. And the hours, Tuesday to Saturday, 8∶30 to 5∶00, Sunday yo u have to work once a month, but the bonus is that on Monday the Garden C enters closed . Now, the sort of work youd be doing is as a general assistant in the Garden Center, potting, watering, thing s like that. So, if youve got green fingers, how about applying for that? Pay, .70 an hour. Sue, what else have you got?

  Sue: Right, Dave. Well, from outdoors to indoors. Weve got a shorthand typist job here, thats in an office. And this job might suit a woman wi th a schoolage child, because the h ours are only fifteen hours a week. The age is twenty to forties and the pay dep ends on that age. Its a small, friendly office, but there needs experience. So , there you go. Thats a nice shorthand typists job in an office.

  David: Great. Heres a job possibly for somebody whos a schoolleaver . It, er, requires no experience at all, but training will be given on a job. An d the pay is 67 a week. Whats the job? Well, its a shop assistant in a busy s upermarket. Its a fulltime job, but the big thing is, you dont need any ex p erience. So, if youre just leaving school and fancy working in a sup ermarket, try that...You get one day off during the week and you must work one late evening till 9∶30 p.m. OK? So t hats a shop assistant. Well, if you fancy any of those jobs, give us a ring he re on job spot at Radio South West. And now back to the music.

  Part C

  [录音文稿1]

  Right, everybody. Today Id like to talk about choosing schools. With so many t hings to think about when choosing a language course such as quality and price, its not surprising that many learners—maybe including you—spend less time th i nking about where to study. Instead of finding out about unusual regions or a di fferent country, many students simply choose a familiar destination. But t hose who are looking for a more rewarding study experience will find there are p lenty of good reasons for being more adventurous.

  Most students coming to learn English in Britain choose to study in places like London, Oxford and Cambridge. London is big enough to absorb visiting language s tudents, but in summer months, it often seems as if the visitor outnumbers the l ocals.

  The main disadvantage of this is that schools in popular destinations

  often receive many students from the same country. While good schools en sure there are not too many students of the same nationality in one class,

  its often very difficult to avoid mixing with people from back home, bet ween classes and after lessons.

  Large numbers of learners in one area also means it is harder to make contact wi th local people. When crowds of overseas students“invade”a town, the local p op ulation tends to avoid the foreign visitors. The result is that learners can mis s out on valuable conversation practice.

  Students who study in less popular locations can avoid many of these problems. T hey will be in a minority, and consequently will find it much easier to experien ce the language and way of life of the locals. Schools in quieter areas also ten d to receive students from a greater variety of countries so it is less l ikely that a single language group will dominate.

  Most schools in unusual places are proud of their surroundings and history,

  and are usually keen to show it off to students. Sometimes they have to be more imaginative when it comes to organizing excursions or social activities, and lea rners often benefit from this. The Somerset School of English, located in Englan ds W est Country, is a good example. Near the school are many fine gardens and the sc hool organizes a special course for learners who want to improve their gardening skills while they learn English.

  As well as discovering new regions, learners today have a much greater choice of countries in which to study English. More learners are thinking about traveling further to find language courses and schools are keen to develop new students m arkets. Here are some suggestions of less explored destinations

  where learners can get away from the crowds.

  [录音文稿2]

  M: Hey! Jenny, do you want to live a longer life?

  W: Why? Of course! Everyone hopes so.

  M: Look, here is some advice given by experts on how to live a longer an d happier life.

  W: They must tell people to do exercise and keep a healthy diet.

  M: Yes. They say 30 minutes of mild exercise a day will increase your lif e span. You can do things like walking, gardening or taking exercise clas ses.

  W: And we should eat a balanced diet with low calories, c ut back on red m eat, sugar, coffee, alcohol and salt, eat more fruit, grains and vegetables!

  M: Why?! Jenny, youve read this article?

  W: Not at all. But everyone knows that.

  M: Come on! I think there is some valuable advice. For example, they say you should enjoy people more, join some social clubs or groups so that you share your lifes joys and sorrows with them and fight depression and stress.

  W: That makes sense. In this way, we can have more positive attitudes to wards life and stay optimistic because we feel were not alone. What else does the article say?

  M: You should stay mentally active. Because the decline of our b rain power will shorten our lives, too. So read the newspaper, visit the p ublic library, balance your checkbook without using a calculator, do crossword p uzzles and so on.

  W: I think this advice is for old people.

  M: Not necessarily. Because it also persuades young people like us to do regular checkups and prevent illness like cancer, high blood pressure which thr eaten our longevity.

  W: All right, I dont mean to argue with you. Are you going to follow e very piece of advice listed there?

  M: Well, they may be good advice, but you know, chocolate is my favorite...

  W: Ill try my best. What about you?

  [录音文稿3]

  Um...yes, I would like to give a short presentation on British music and a rts festivals. First, I will briefly speak on the topic of the different styles of British music. Then I will quickly list and outline some of the most famous a rts festivals in Britain.

  Classical music in Britain is a minority interest. Few classical musicians , whether British or foreign, become wellknown to the general public. When they do, it is usually because of circumstances which have nothing to do with their music. For example, the Italian opera singer Pavarotti became famous in t he coun try when an aria sung by him was used by the BBC to introduce its 1990 football World Cup coverage. Despite this low profile, thousands of British people are de dicated musicians and many public libraries have a wellstocked music section. Several British orchestras, singers and choirs have international reputations.

  In the 1960s, British artists had a great influence on the development of music in the modern or“pop”style. The Beatles and other British musical groups were responsible for several innovations which were then used by m usicians in America and the rest of the world. These include the writing of words and music by the performers themselves, and more active audienc e participation.

  Since the 1960s, popular music in Britain has been an enormous and profita ble industry. The Beatles were awarded the highly prestigious honor of the MBE, or Member of the British Empire, for their value as British exports. Within Brit ain, the total sales of various kinds of musical recordings are more than 200 mi llion every year, and the vast majority of that is popular music. Many worldwide trends have come out of Britain, and British pop artists have been active in at tempting to cross the boundaries between popular music, folk music and classical music.

  Now, on to Britains arts festivals. ...[FADE OUT]

  Section II Use of English

  21.[答案]C[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]四个选项中的词似乎都可填入空格,但根据常识,若对方是朋友,那么你就不可能仅仅是看看而已,故[A]friend不恰当;上下文中也没有线索表示你看的是一个外国人,所以[B]foreigner也不恰当;[D]stranger(陌生人)可以指马路上你不认识的任何人。但从上下文看,你所看的是离你较近的人(about eight feet),[C]passerby(过路人)要比[D]stranger更符合上下文的意思,因此[C]是正确答案。

  22.[答案]A[考点]形容词辨析

  [分析]本题要求填入后接of的形容词。[B]curious(好奇的)和[D]uneasy(不安的)后接about,可首先排除;[C]ignorant(不知道的)后接of,但填入句子后与句意发生矛盾,故也不是正确答案;[A]aware(知道的,有意识的)后接of,填入后符合句意,所以是正确答案。

  23.[答案]C[考点]句子结构的理解

  [分析]空格所在的句子是个省略句,与上句并列。由上文可知,本句意为“如果你看得太多,则显得你很好奇”。空格中应填入一个表示条件关系的连接词。[A]so(因此)表示结果,[B]or表示选择,[D]but表示转折。只有[C]and在连接两个分句时,可以表示条件,因此是正确答案。

  24.[答案]D[考点]近义词辨析

  [分析]四个选项的词均有“看”的意思。[A]peep表示“偷看”;[B]stare表示“盯,凝视”;[C]gaze表示“凝视,注视”;[D]eye表示“看,注视”。但前三项都是不及物动词,只有eye是及物动词,符合句子的语法要求,因此[D]是正确答案。

  25.[答案]B[考点]近义副词辨析

  [分析][A]aside意为“在旁边”;[B]apart意为“相距,相隔”;[C]away意为“离开,远离”;[D]ahead意为“在前,向前”。根据句意,空格中应填入[B]apart。句意是“通常发生的情况是,人们互相注视着,直到相距约八英尺时,双方都把目光投向别处。”

  26.[答案]B[考点]动词辨析

  [分析]本题要求填入一个能与as搭配的动词。四个选项的动词中,只有[B]describes(描述,概括)能与as搭配,因而是正确答案。其他三个选项[A]demonstrates(证明,说明),[C]deduces(推断)和[D]designates(指明,指出)虽然从意思上说似乎讲得通,但都不与as搭配,因此都不正确。

  27.[答案]C[考点]近义词辨析

  [分析]本句意思是“眼睛的许多动作是如此以至于我们只是在直觉上对它作出反应。”[A]vague意为“含糊的,不明确的”;[B]obscure意为“朦胧的,模糊的”;[C]subtle意为“微妙的,细致的”;[D]uncertain意为“不定的,不确知的”。从句意分析,空格中应填入[C]subtle。

  28.[答案]D[考点]上下文推理

  [分析][C]greeting(问候,致敬)不能与动词have搭配,因此可先排除;[A]discussion和[B]communication可以和have搭配,但从本段倒数第

  二句可以得到线索,空格中应该填入[D]conversation,而不是discussion或co mmunication。

  29.[答案]A[考点]近义词辨析

  [分析]根据句意,空格中应填入一个表示“可能性”的词,[B]Possibilities意为“可能性”,但常以单数的形式出现在以下句型中:There is a possi bility that...,不能用于Possibilities are...;[C]Opportunities意为“机会”,[D]Expectations意为“期望,预期”,两者从意思上均不符合句意;[A]Chances除表示“机会”外,还可表示“可能性”,且可用于以下句型:There is a/the chance that...和Chances are ...。因此正确答案为[A]。

  30.[答案]A[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]本段讨论的是眼睛的微妙动作。由上文notice what he d oes with his eyes可推断,空格中不可能填入[B]touches(触摸);[D]sights意为“视力,视觉”,用在句子中与句意不合;空格所在的结构是对句子中“看”这一动作的进一步说明,因此[C]t alks也不恰当,而应选择[A]glances(匆匆看)。整个句子的意思是“他看你的次数很可能比通常时候多,匆匆看你的时间也比正常时候长。”

  31.[答案]D[考点]句子结构理解

  [分析]本题要求填入一个连接主句和从句的连接词。由于从句本身是一个结构完整的句子,因此这里显然不能填入引导定语从句的[B]which。从句意分析,从句相对于主句而言,既不表示原因,也不表示时间,而是对主句的sign进行解释,因此是个同位语从句,需用that引导。[A]why和[C]when均不正确。

  32.[答案]B[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]由上文he looks at you more often than is usual with glances a little longer than the normal可推断,对方是对你而不是对谈话的主题感兴趣,因此正确答案应选[B]rather than(而不是),其他选项[A]other than(除了),[C]better than (比……好)和[D]less than (比……少),均与上文不符合。

  33.[答案]A[考点]形容词辨析

  [分析]句子中的both...and...是一个表示并列关系的连接词组。由and之后的sincere(真诚的)可推断,四个选项中只有[A]selfconfident(自信的)与sincere可以用both...and来连接,[B]selfconscious(不自然的,害羞的),[C]s elfcontented(自满的)和[D]selfcentered(自我为中心的),均不能与sincere并列使用。

  34.[答案]C[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]由下文的subjects(实验对象),laboratory(实验室)等词可推断,空格中需填入的词应是[C]experiments(实验),其他选项的词[A]s urveys(调查),[B]observations(观察)和[D]interviews(面谈)均不正确。

  35.[答案]B[考点]形容词辨析

  [分析]从语法结构看,空格中要求填入一个能与介词of搭配的形容词,四个选项的词中,[D]indifferent(冷谈的,不关心的)后接with,因此从语法角度看可首先排除。[A]conscious(意识到的),[B]innocent(不知道的)和[C]sus picious(多疑的,疑心的)均可与of搭配,但根据常识,实验往往是在实验对象并不知情的情况下进行的,因此这里选[A]conscious或[C]suspicious似乎讲不通,合理的选择应是[B]innocent。

  36.[答案]D[考点]近义动词辨析

  [分析]本句相关部分的意思是:“受实验者坐在心理学家的实验室里说话,全然不知他们的眼睛的动作正通过单向的视屏被”。[B]analyzed (分析)和[C]interpreted(解释,说明)似乎与句意不合,一般情况下,实验过程中应该是先观察然后对观察结果进行分析或解释,所以正确答案应选[D]。[A]noticed(注意到)表示瞬间的动作,用于句子中也明显不对。

  37.[答案]C[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]根据上下文,在实验中被引诱进行欺骗的显然应该是[C]subjects(受实验者),而不可能是[A]interviewers(访谈人)、[B]applicants (申请人)或[D]psychologists(心理学家)。

  38.[答案]B[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]本句概括的是某一实验的过程。由下文中的the interview ers eyes可获得线索,空格中最为恰当的词应是[B]interviewed(面谈,采访)。[A]inquire(询问,打听)后接about / of,[D]interfered(干涉,妨碍)后接in / w ith,两者从意义和语法角度看均不合适。[C]investigated意为“调查”,用在句子中也不符合上下文意思的要求。

  39.[答案]B[考点]上下文推理

  [分析]句子中的those指subjects,空格中需填入一个表示他们已做的动作的词,由上文可知,这里应填入的词为[B]cheated(欺骗)。若填[A]in duce d(引诱),则本句的意思与上句发生矛盾。[C]distracted(打扰,扰乱)和[D]r ealized(意识到)均是及物动词,从意义和语法角度看均不正确。

  40.[答案]D[考点]近义词辨析

  [分析][A]common指“普通的,共同的”,[B]average指“通常的,一般的”,[C]ordinary指“普通的”,[D]normal指“正常的”。根据句意,空格中应填入[D]normal。句中的意思是:“那些曾经欺骗过的人看访谈人的次数要比在正常情况下少”。

  SectionⅢReading Comprehension〖1〗Part A

  Text 1大意

  古希腊人对于科学研究的崇尚,和科学家们对于实用性的忽视一直都没有消失。在阿基米德后的1000年里,机械学与几何学的分离阻止了基础技术的进步,也束缚了技术在其他领域的发展。但是,到中世纪末,还存在着一个更大的发展障碍——那就是社会结构。

  中世纪盛行的固定社会阶层关系使社会发展变得徒劳。在这样的体系中,劳动大众为了换取生活必需品承担了所有的生产任务,而特权阶级,也就是教士、贵族和国王只需关心和保住他们的地位,就万事大吉了。在战争的决策中,在政府中,在贸易中,在享乐生活中,他们已经取得了相当大的进步。但是,对于生产过程他们并不熟悉。而另一方面,那些熟悉生产的劳动者却没有动力为主人的利益而提高、改善生产。这样,一个阶层掌握着必要的知识和经验,却没有动力和时间,而另一个阶层又缺乏这些技术和经验,因此,没有条件促成技术的进步。

  整个古代世界都是建立在这样的关系上——没有结果又缺乏人性的关系。对奴隶的使用限制了人们对机械的充分利用,人们在许多平凡领域的尝试实际上在数千年间都处于静止的状态。

  25个世纪以来,马的能量的使用有2/3流失了,因为人们并没有给马装上蹄铁。许多公牛的力量也浪费了,因为牛具并未改造到适合肩膀的形状。5000年来,海员们都被一种原始操纵的简单机械装置束缚在河流和海岸上,这种装置只需要小小的变动(在13世纪)就能成为借助摩擦转动的装置。

  只需要动动脑筋,就可以给远古的犁加上轮子并把犁头的形状改变一下,使它能翻动草皮而不仅仅是抓住草皮——但是这些技巧并未如期实现。中世纪的村民们,像头一次发现着火的人们,在他只有一个房间的茅草和芦苇的屋顶上开了一个冒烟孔,而中世纪烧炭的人(像石器时代的祖先那样)给自己盖一间树枝搭成的房屋。

  41.[答案]D[考点]段落主题句理解

  [分析]通过题目中的重点词组“technological progress”,可以把解答本题的信息点定位到第一段。本题的难点是,作者用转折连词提出了本文的中心句,也就是说,考生是否注意到了第一段末句中的But。原文先提出机械学与几何学的分离阻碍了科学的进步,接着进行了语义的转折,然而更大的障碍是:“organization of societ y”(社会结构)。organization of society是obstacle的同位语,所以[D]为正确答案,而[A]、[B]、[C]这三项的内容原文并未提及。

  42.[答案]A[考点]反向推断

  [分析]本题的解答依赖于考生是否能够理解第二段的内容。在这段中,作者从理论上解释了社会关系阻碍科技进步的原因。第二段最后一句总结到:特权阶级有时间却没有知识和经验,而劳动阶级尽管有知识和经验,却没有incentive。由此可推断出有两个原因,造成生产力落后。考题问的是中世纪后生产力提高的原因,那么也就是提出了原命题的相反命题。根据逻辑,这种情况的产生,要么是由于特权阶级获取了知识,要么是因为劳动者拥有了动力,所以[A]为正确答案。[B]项偷换了概念,是劳动者有动力,而不是主子“master”,[C]和[D]项的内容原文并未提及。

  43.[答案]B[考点]推断引申

  [分析]正如第42题的解释,原文第二段和第三段都在从理论上解释社会结构对生产力发展所起到的阻碍作用,所以[B]为正确答案,而[A]、[C]、[D]三项的内容,原文并未提及。

  44.[答案]C[考点]文章主题

  [分析]原文第一段最后一句提出本文主题:但是直到中世纪末,希腊还存在着一个更大的发展障碍——那就是社会结构。第二、三段从理论上解释社会结构对科技进步的阻碍作用。第四、五段举例说明科技落后给人们带来的局限。通过以上分析,本文的结构是:提出结论——解释结论,所以本文的中心是围绕对科技的阻碍展开的,因此[C]为正确答案。[A]项错在原文并未就机械学与几何学分离这一问题举例;[B]项错在文章并未谈到社会阶级之间的交流问题,这是自我引申型的干扰项;[D]项的错误在于,作者并没有抒发其对劳动阶级困境的关心之情,同样是自我引申型的干扰项。

  45.[答案]C[考点]论据与论点的关系

  [分析]原文第四段列举了很多例子,其目的是例证第三段最后一句话,也就是第三段最后一句话是论点,而第四段是事实论据。原文指出:人们在许多平凡领域的尝试实际上在数千年间都处于静止的状态。第四段举例说明这种静止状态:马的能量的使用有2/3流失了,因为人们并没有给马装上蹄铁。牛的力量也浪费了,因为牛具并未改造到适合肩膀的形状。所以[C]为正确答案。[A]、[B]两项的内容并未提到,[D]项的主语来源于第三段最后一句话,而谓语则来源于该段第一句话,然后出题人再把它们胡乱连接起来,作为干扰项。

  Text 2大意

  当我们在谈话和写作中使用一个词时,最明显的目的是为了指明某件东西,某种关系或者某种特征。这就是这个词的“意思”。

  让我们也来做个假设:一只狗的祖父母分别是一只牧羊犬,一只爱尔兰小猎犬,一只猎狐小犬和一只牛头犬。我们能用同样科学的、客观的方法来陈述这些事实,说:它是一只混合品种的狗。我们没有超越精确科学描述的需求。

  可是,如果假设我们曾把这同样一只动物叫做“杂种狗”。事情就复杂多了。我们使用的这个词是一个能够客观表示与“混合品种狗”相同意义的词,不过,这个词会让听众发出一种对这种狗的贬低情绪。由此看来,一个词不仅能表明一个物体,也能表示对它的一种感情色彩。这样一种感情色彩的表示的的确确超出了精确的和科学的讨论范畴,因为我们的褒扬或者贬低的看法是个人主观的——它属于我们,而不属于我们褒扬或者贬低的物体。

  一旦我们注意到“客观”意义和“感情”意义的区别,我们就应注意到或多或少承载着感情色彩的词汇在诸如政治、道德和宗教这类容易引发非议的讨论中是十分稀疏平常的。这就是这些争论仍然无法得到解决的原因之一。

  有一句众所周知的谚语说,“沉着坚定(firm)”这个词可作如下弱化:我坚定(firm),你顽固(obstinate),他死脑筋(pigheaded)。这就是词意表达的简单例证。“坚定”、“顽固”和“死脑筋”都表示同样的客观意义——也就是说,表示一个人自身的行为过程,以及拒绝受到旁人观点的影响。即使如此,它们之间的感情色彩也不尽相同:“坚定”含有强烈的褒义成分,“顽固”含有轻微的贬义,“死脑筋”的贬义成分最多。

  第一次世界大战期间,人们的感情支配观念,使得德国人的残忍(ruthlessness)与我们英雄人物的勇敢(spirit)对比悬殊,这跟上面也是同样的道理。随着时间的推移,我们能以更客观的态度回顾过去,认识到:从客观来说,勇敢(spirit)和残忍(ruthlessness)的意思是一样的,只不过一个含褒义,一个带贬义而已。

  46.[答案]D[考点]局部理解

  [分析]本题抽取前三段的部分细节,考生需要把每个选项回现原文,解答题目,因此这样题目的设计旨在浪费考生的时间。原文第三段开头两句解释了叫一只狗“mongrel”和“dog of mixed breed”的区别,“mongrel”表达了说话人对狗的强烈情绪,而“dog o f mixed breed”则是客观的表述一个事实,没有褒贬的含义。通过此分析,[A]答案与文章事实相反,[B]答案错在A dog of mixed breed不是带有感情的,Mongrel才是,[C]答案的错误原因相同,只有[D]答案符合第三段第二句的总结:一个词不仅能表明一个物体,也能表示对它的一种感情色彩,为正确答案。

  47.[答案]D[考点]局部理解

  [分析]根据题支中的关键词“objective”、“debatable questi ons”和“emotion al”,可以在第四段找到解答本题的信息点。原文第四段第一句是一个结构复杂的句子,考生需在理解这句话的基础上,才能解答本题。Once引导了时间状语从句,we是主句的主语,notice是谓语,that引导了宾语从句,宾语从句的主语是words,and连接了两个并列的谓语,一个是are very common,一个是are ordinarily used in the discussion of such debatable questions。通过语法分析,本句的意思是:一旦我们注意到“客观”意义和“感情”意义的区别,我们就应注意到或多或少承载着感情色彩的词汇在诸如政治、道德和宗教这类容易引发非议的讨论中是十分稀疏平常的。只有[D]答案符合原文的论述。

  48.[答案]B[考点]推断题

  [分析]此题考察考生对文章内容的综合理解。原文第四段最后一句话指出:这就是这些争论仍然无法得到解决的原因之一。“这”指代的内容就是上题解析中的内容,所以综合考虑[B]与原文的内容更加贴切。因为原文并没有涉及how to get along with each ot h er这些内容,所以[A]为原文没有提到的答案;[C]答案与第三段最后一句论述不符,原文的意思是:说话所带有的感情色彩在科学表述之上的原因是:我们的赞成与否是个人的事情,而不是说词语的客观意思是仁者见仁,智者见智的事,这里出题人偷换了主语;[D]答案也偷换了概念,原文列举politics, morals, and religion,是那些引起争论问题的例子,与controversies是论点与论据的关系,即是一个such... as...的关系,而不是说politics, morals, and religion引起争论,这是因果关系。

  49.[答案]C[考点]局部理解

  [分析]根据题干中的关键词“World War I”,可以在文章最后一段找到解答本题的信息点。原文指出最后一句指出:随着时间的推移,我们能以更客观的态度回顾过去,认识到:从客观来说,勇敢和残忍的意思是一样的,只不过一个含褒义,一个带贬义而已。只有[C]答案符合原文的说法,而其它三项均是对原文的曲解。

  50.[答案]B[考点]推测词义

  [分析]通过“This is one reason why”这个句型,可知第四段的两句话为因果关系,前文指出:带有情绪的词语经常使用在引起争论的问题上,引出的结论是,这就是cont roversy不能解决的原因。可见,controversy(争论)是debatable question争论性问题的近义词。再带入四个答案。[A]agreement“同意,一致”,不符合上下文的表述;[B]argument“争端”,符合文意,为正确答案;[C]discussion“讨论”,可以讲通,但没有把debatable这个概念表达出来,不是最佳答案;[D]contribution“贡献”,不符合文意。

  Text 3大意

  那种对今后行为产生影响的经历(一种显而易见却又不同凡响的活动的证明)就是记忆。如果没有通常称作记忆的作用,学习则无法进行。持续不断的实践对记忆有一种影响。它使人能够熟练弹奏钢琴,背诵诗歌,甚至于阅读和理解这些句子。那些所谓的智力行为需要记忆,记忆力是进行推理所需要的基本能力。解决任何一个问题或者认识到存在问题的能力都取决于记忆。具有代表性的例子是,做出穿过大街的决定就是基于记忆中许多以往的经历。

  实践(或者复习)是为了形成对某一任务或任何学术资料的记忆。停止实践或使用一段时间之后,已经学会的东西会被忘掉;而适应的结果却不明显。但是,突然忘记的生动片段也具有适应性。在这一点上,忘记的能力可以解释为动物生长过程中自然选择的结果。实际上,当痛苦经历的记忆使一个人焦虑时,忘记可能会让人轻松。然而,从进化论角度很难解释自然选择怎样形成了一般的逐渐忘记过程。

  考虑记忆进化过程以及所有可能方面的同时,思考一下如果记忆永不消退会发生什么样的后果很有帮助。很明显,忘记帮助及时定位,因为过去的记忆消退,新的记忆又显现出来,这就提供了推断期间的痕迹。如果无法忘记,适应能力将会受到影响。例如,已经学会的行为可能在10年前是正确的,而现在却不正确。许多例子显示,人们(在一般标准下)如果几乎忘不了已经发生的事情,那他们的日常生活将混乱不堪。由此,忘记似乎是为了让个人和物种存活下去。

  另一种思路认为,记忆储存系统容量有限,使人产生适应灵活性,尤其在忘记方面。这种观点认为,大脑不断在学习或记忆储存(输入)和忘记(输出)之间作出调整。实际上,有证据显示,人们忘记的比率与他们所学习的多寡有直接的联系。这些资料为输入和输出平衡理论提供了证据。

  51.[答案]D[考点]局部理解

  [分析]参看文章第二段。作者说,突然遗忘的事例可以被看作是适应性的表现,这是人类经过自然选择过程生存下来的能力;对痛苦经历的记忆会产生严重焦虑,而遗忘能使人从中得以解脱。因此,从进化论的观点看,突然遗忘可以产生适应性后果。与答案[D]意思相符合。

  52.[答案]B[考点]局部理解

  [分析]参看文章第三段第三、四句及段落的结论。Without forg etting, adaptive abil ity would suffer.(没有遗忘过程,人就无法适应。)接下去是例子。段落最后的结论是:Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.(遗忘似乎有利于个人和整个人类的生存。)此题也可以和51题对照作答。

  53.[答案]A[考点]词义理解

  [分析]词汇题应该从所考词汇出现的原句中推导意思。fade所在从句:if memories fai led to fade...的意思是:如果记忆不消失的话……。其他选项动词均不能以memories作主语。

  54.[答案]A[考点]段落结论推导

  [分析]文章最后一段指出,对记忆力也可以作另一种解释:记忆储存系统的总储量有限,通过遗忘可以进行灵活调节。遗忘与学习之间,即输入与输出之间不断调节,人的遗忘率与学习量有直接关联。所以选项[A]的意思是符合的。

  55.[答案]B[考点]文章主题

  [分析]本文主要讲的是遗忘过程的作用(function)。全文概括题既可以通过全文内容做题,文章一直讲forgetting与memory的关系;也可以根据与前面几道题的联系作出判断,前面几道题均与forgetting有关;还可以通过查找文章反复出现的关键词来确定选项。

  Text 4大意

  迄今为止,对于形成海洋盆地的机制还没有给出非常满意的解释。传统观点认为,经过长期聚集在一处,地球上层呈现出液体状态运动,海洋陆地下面温度的不同足以促成地球上层的运动,在遇到海洋中间的山脊时向上鼓起,而在大陆下面则沉下去。理论上讲,这种运动会带动大陆板块,好像这些板块处于一条运输带上,并且会在山脊上形成足够的力量制造裂口。这种观点也许是正确的;它的优势在于认为这种波状流动的动力来自温度的不同,而温度的不同则在于大陆位置的不同。

  另一方面,这一理论并不足以让人信服,因为这种运动一般并不沿着线路进行,而它当然不会沿着经常出现像山脊一样改变方向的线路进行。此外,这一理论也很难应用到大西洋中部山脊以及印度洋山脊之间的板块上来。这一板块两面都在增长,而由于中间没有沟渠,两边山脊应该各自运动。另外一个可选择的理论是,板块下沉的部位比温度较高的周围密度大,拉动板块的其他部位。同样,这一理论很难运用到南大西洋,在那里,非洲和美洲板块都没有下沉的部位。

  另外一种可能就是,下沉的板块促使周围的地壳冷却,

  产生运动波浪,推动板块运动。最后的这种理论很具吸引力,因为它有望解释封闭的海洋。除了被几公里厚的沉积物覆盖着以外,这些海洋具有典型的海底。这些海底可能在很长的时期以来一直都在下沉。很可能地壳上部一股下沉的冷却物质流就是形成这些深深的海洋盆地的原因所在。封闭的海洋是地球表面的一个重要特征,需要我们进行认真的解释。

  56.[答案]A[考点]文章主题

  [分析]文章标题一般由两部分组成,一是文章的内容,一是文章内容表述的角度。这篇文章中,第一句点题,说明文章的内容:关于the ocean basins的形成没有一个满意的答复。下面提到traditional view和an alternative theory,说明文章是关于ocean basin的形成的不同学说。这是根据主题段的方法确定标题的一种方式。

  57.[答案]A[考点]局部理解(例证的作用)

  [分析]在第一段,文章用很长的句子来描述地球表层的运动,紧接着a conveyor belt来描述运动的结果。解题时一定要根据题中a conveyor belt的提示,查找这个词在文章中出现的原句,判断它所起的作用和目的。

  58.[答案]D[考点]局部理解

  [分析]参看第一段第二句。由短语the traditional view of the origin of the oce an basins可以断定,这个句子可以提示答案。因为它和题目中According to the tradit ional view of the origin of the ocean basins意思完全相同。

  59.[答案]B[考点]观点与论据关系

  [分析]根据题目中support the traditional view of ocean ba sin formation的意思,可以知道答案提示句在原文中的位置。第二段第一句说明了传统学说的不足,原因在于运动不是带状运动。根据这种关系可知,传统观点是支持带状运动的。

  60.[答案]B[考点]作者观点

  [分析]第三段第一句:Another possibility is that the sink ing plate cools the n eighboring mantle and produces motion currents that move the plates.和选项[B]意思相同。其中句子主语中的possibility所表达的意思和题目中the author seems to pre fer的含义是相符合的。

  Part B

  61.[译文]这种名叫WetPC的水下计算机是由一条皮带扎牢在潜水员身上,它的用户是海洋学家和其他水下工作者,他们需要记录数据、查阅地图、收集信息,计算鱼量和判断设备故障。

  [分析]句子的主干结构是带宾语的被动语态句子:The underwate r computer WetPC, ...is designed for use by oceanographers and other submarine workers who need to ...短语的意思分别是:fastened with a strap to由一条皮带扎牢在;count fish计算鱼的数量;diagnose equipment faults判断设备故障。

  62.[译文]他预言,水下计算机将成为海洋学家一种有用的工具,如同笔记本电脑是以地面为基地的科学家的有用工具一样。他说,就研究费用和氮麻醉的威胁来说,潜水员在水中停留的时间是关键性的。

  [分析]第一个句子是一个带宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句中主干结构是it will become as valuable a tool for...as laptop computer already is for ...对……就像对……一样有用;短语landbased scientists以地面为基地的科学家;第二个句子的主干结构是time...is critical;短语in terms of考虑到,就……而言。

  63.[译文]当潜水员向深处游时,他从瓶中呼出空气以平衡增加的水压。当他上升时,空气随之流出。

  [分析]这是两个表示时间的并列句。to balance the increased water pressure以平衡增加的水压;the air is released空气随之流出。

  64.[译文]水下计算机通过一根电缆同潜水员面罩上的显示器相连,通过另一根电缆同潜水员胸前充满油的键盘相连。潜水员无需离开水就能够查阅工作档案、地图和数据。

  [分析]第一个短句的主干结构是connects the underwater compu ter to a display;第二个短句是一个省略句another cable to...;后面的句子意思相当于条件句:无需……就能够……。

  65.[译文]水下计算机能够算出潜水员的位置,误差在10厘米范围内,或者沿着一条预先确定的路线指示方向。它还能够记录潜水员游动的路线,以便日后多次再到这个地方来。

  [分析]注意对calculate...to短语的理解;within 10 centimet ers在10厘米范围内;along a predetermined line沿着一条预先确定的路线;for follo wup visits to the site为了日后再到这个地方来。

  Section IV Writing

  [参考范文]

  Nowadays, pirate videos, tapes and software become increasingly common. They are available both on the streets and on the shelves of stores. In fact, they are s o common that people are seldom aware they are illegal. In the picture, we see a man selling pirate CDs and VCDs. The two young people are looking at his wares and choosing what they want.

  However, piracies are illegal and they violate laws on intellectual property rig hts. Piracy is a form of stealing. By duplicating intellectual products without permission from copyright holders, they steal the achievements of other people a nd reap the profits from other people's hard work. Pirate products encroach on t he copyrights of the authors and producers. People who make pirate products are indeed thieves.

  The prevalence of piracies also has negative effects on the development of indus tries whose copyrights need protection, most notably entertainment and computer software. Piracies disturb the normalsgroupsof the market. The extremely low pri ce are taking market share from the legal manufacturers of copyright products an d therefore depriving industries of the fund to invest in new products. In the l ong run it affects the willingness and desire to produce new products and theref ore affects the prosperity of the industry itself.

  Protecting intellectual property rights is beneficial to the country and to cons umers. The government should tighten laws and regulations to punish those who ma nufacture and sell pirate products. Ordinary people should not blinded by shortterm benefits of low prices and should firmly refuse piracies.

  [分析讲解]

  1)本文开始段采用的是间接开头法,即先对某种现象或问题进行描述,再引出中心论点。也可采用提问法或定义法。

  2)结束段提出解决问题的方案。也可对全文进行概括总结,或发表个人观点。

  Useful Expressions:

  1) It's common for sb. to do sth.

  2) As is described in the picture that...

  3) to have the intention of doing sth./ to do sth.

  4) to have effects on

  5) to encroach on

  6) for the sake of

  7) to put...in disorder

  8) Knowing the nature of the problem is important, but what is more impor tant is to...

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