¡¡¡¡ µÚ1Ò³:section ¢ñUse of English µÚ2Ò³:section ¢òReading Comprehension--Part A µÚ3Ò³:section ¢òReading Comprehension--Part B µÚ4Ò³:section ¢óWriting--Part A µÚ5Ò³:section ¢óWriting--Part B µÚ6Ò³:È«ÕæÄ£ÄâÊÔÌâÒ»½âÎö

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

¡¡¡¡Text 1

¡¡¡¡Massive changes in all of the world¡¯s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it¡¯s one of London¡¯s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture¡­

¡¡¡¡That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.

¡¡¡¡This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.

¡¡¡¡The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US$125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10 000 000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100 000 000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.

¡¡¡¡So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.

¡¡¡¡Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a ¡°World Title¡± fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!

¡¡¡¡21. Globalization of sporting culture means that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý more people are taking up sports.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý traditional sports are getting popular.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý many local sports are becoming international.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý foreigners are more interested in local sports.

¡¡¡¡22. Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý Good economic returns.£ÛB£Ý Revival of traditional games.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý Communications technology.£ÛD£Ý Marketing strategies.

¡¡¡¡23. As is used in the passage, ¡°globalization¡± comes closest in meaning to

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý ¡°commercialization¡±.£ÛB£Ý ¡°popularization¡±.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý ¡°speculation¡±.£ÛD£Ý ¡°standardization¡±.

¡¡¡¡24. What is the author¡¯s attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý Favorable.£ÛB£Ý Unclear.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý Reserved. £ÛD£Ý Critical.

¡¡¡¡25. People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý they become more professional than ever.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý they regard sports as consumer goods.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý there exist few world-class championships.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý sports events are exciting and stimulating.

¡¡¡¡Text 2

¡¡¡¡Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1 068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 year¡¯s time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50 000 lives, some 13 000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1 068 in Missing Persons in the shade.

¡¡¡¡When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for name of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100 000 suggestions. As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn¡¯t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50 000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.

¡¡¡¡There remains the dinnerª²party game of who¡¯s in, who¡¯s out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America) .

¡¡¡¡It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.

¡¡¡¡Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: ¡®Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility¡¯. Then there had to be more women, too ( 12 percent, against the original DBN¡¯s 3), such as Roy Strong¡¯s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: ¡®Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory¡¯. That doesn¡¯t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin).

¡¡¡¡26. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý because it is not worth the price.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý because it has fewer entries than before.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý unless one has all the volumes in the collection.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly.

¡¡¡¡27. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý the editors had clear roles to follow.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý there were too many criminals in the entries.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý the editors clearly favoured benefactors.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý the editors were irrational in their choices.

¡¡¡¡28. Crippen was absent from the DNB

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý because he escaped to the U.S.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý because death sentence had been abolished.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý for reasons not clarified.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý because of the editors- mistake.

¡¡¡¡29. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý illustrate some features of the DNB.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý give emphasis to his argument.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý impress the reader with its content.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý highlight the people in the Middle Ages.

¡¡¡¡30. On the whole, the writer¡¯s tone towards the DNB was

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý complimentary.£ÛB£Ý supportive.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý disapproval.£ÛD£Ý bitter.

¡¡¡¡Text 3

¡¡¡¡Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively ¡°Southern¡±-the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain¡¯s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.

¡¡¡¡What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.

¡¡¡¡However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models-was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

¡¡¡¡31. The author is primarily concerned with

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý refuting the two premises that underlie Davis- discussion of the culture of the American South.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature.

¡¡¡¡32. The passage implies that the attitudes toward Native Americans that prevailed in the Southern colonies

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý developed as a response to attitudes that prevailed in Massachusetts and Connecticut.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý derived from Southerners-strong interest in the law.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý were modeled after those that prevailed in the North.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý differed from those that prevailed in the Puritan colonies.

¡¡¡¡33. The author argues that, in describing American culture during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras, historians

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý overestimated the importance of the puritans in the development of American culture.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý did not attach enough importance to the strong religious orientation of the colonists.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý failed to recognize undeniable cultural differences between New Hampshire and Rhode Island.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý used Massachusetts and Connecticut as cultural models for the other American colonies.

¡¡¡¡34. Which of the following elements of Davis¬ð book is the author in agreement with?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý Acquisitiveness was a characteristic unique to the South during the Colonial period.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý There were significant differences between Puritan and Southern culture during the Colonial period.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý The Southern colonies shared a common culture.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý The Northern colonies shared a homogeneous culture.

¡¡¡¡35. The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultivate metroª²politan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý dying out as Puritan influence began to grow.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý self-consciously and distinctively Southern.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý spreading to Massachusetts and Connecticut.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of England.

¡¡¡¡Text 4

¡¡¡¡During the last three years, many speculated high about the possible intrusions concerning the corporate computing systems and global computing infrastructure. Fortunately, such and many other frightening predictions did not come true. Surely, technology is the prime reason for this achievement but at the core lies the work environment and the human factor.

¡¡¡¡We have seen that IT leaders in almost all areas have enormously reduced their expenses by adopting winning solutions provided by today¡¯s security vendors. Does this mean technology alone is sufficient to deliver? No, in the truest sense, policies, their enforcement, along with education and training provide a winning combination to secure corporate computing.

¡¡¡¡As far as technology is concerned, due credit goes to security vendors and service providers for shielding users in many ways, from desktop antivirus software to integrated security appliances. Also, myths about the role played by operating systems in security have finally died out. Almost all OS vendors such as Microsoft, IBM, Sun, Red Hat, etc. have earned trust and recognition with their installed systems, suggesting that security is not a feature of an operating system.

¡¡¡¡The recently conducted 2003 InfoWorld Security Survey of more than 500 IT executives and strategists reveals that around 49 percent of reader respondents felt confidence in their systems-performance with fifty-two percent observing fewer than 100 attempts against their networks in the past year. This highlights the role of policies, enforcement, and positive culture in shielding away security breaches. In today¡¯s IT culture, playing a black-hat is no longer desirable; rather it leads to quick apprehension and strict punishment with years to be spent behind the bars. Alternatively, one can earn both career and recognition by helping out the industry with ways and means of fighting security breaches and hostile attacks-this way of looking into the matter is rapidly gaining support by many.

¡¡¡¡Training is another important concern for IT leaders-it includes training to avert human error and improve overall security practices. Unfortunately, a large part, 79 percent, of InfoWorld 2003 Security Survey respondents felt their corporation employees and users underestimated the importance of adhering to their company¡¯s security policies. It¡¯s critical not to underestimate the role of sound security practices since employees and users shape the needs for enterprise services.

¡¡¡¡Two other elements must also be kept in consideration: rigorous education and awareness of security requirements and significant number of staff to monitor and enforce security practices in the enterprise, the need for which is stronger than ever since many enterprises today handle security internally. All this underscores greater demand for training and education for securityª²related workers.

¡¡¡¡36. Which of the following elements is the most critical to online security according to the author?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý IT culture.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý Desktop antivirus software.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý Operating systems.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý The efforts by online security vendors.

¡¡¡¡37. An operating system is no guarantee of online security probably because

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý some OS suppliers are not trustworthy.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý antivirus software is not updated in due time.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý it still fails to shield users from intrusions.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý some terminals are not installed with such a system.

¡¡¡¡38. The 2003 survey reveals that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý hostile online attacks are still rampant.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý other elements than technology are at work for greater security.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý fighting online attacks is a neverª²ending battle.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý new operating systems should be updated constantly to fight viruses.

¡¡¡¡39. It is important that employees stick to their company¡¯s security policies because

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý they often make errors in operating their systems.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý everyone will have to follow the rules anyway.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý security breaches are often caused by their blunders.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý they are the ultimate users of the network.

¡¡¡¡40. The word ¡°underscore¡± in the last sentence of the text probably means

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý underestimate.£ÛB£Ý ignore.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý emphasize.£ÛD£Ý meet.