来源：沪江英语
北京雾霾再次来袭，今天我是带着口罩来上班的。与其抱怨雾霾的可恶，还不如看看今天的BBC新闻，学习一些可以用在托福写作中的高级表达。
以下英文内容摘自12月19日（今早）的BBC新闻
[1]The Chinese capital will see hazardous smog from Saturday until Tuesday，the official meteorological [气象的] service said。
解析：hazardous smog是“危险的雾霾”，hazardous可看作dangerous的升级版。
[2]Beijing authorities [北京当局] have advised residents to avoid outdooractivity and for schools to stop classes。
解析：have advised residents to是“建议市民”。在托福独立写作中，很多考生都喜欢写suggest somebody to dosomething，这是不对的。应该是advise somebody to do something。
[3]The red alert - the highest of a four-level alert system instituted [制定]two years ago - also triggers restrictions on vehicle use， factories andconstruction work。
解析：triggers restrictions on vehicle use， factories and constructionwork是“使政府出台了车辆限行制度，出台了限制工厂生产以及限制建筑工程进度的制度”。首先，trigger可看作 cause的升级版。其次，这个英译汉一定要注意，不能生硬地翻译为“引发了在车辆使用，工厂和建筑工作上的限制”。相反，适当地增减与重复（中文不怕重 复）一些词汇可使中文翻译变得得体而不生硬。
[4]The government has promised to take action to address often dangerouslevels of pollution。
解析：take action to address是“采取措施以应对”，可看作do something to deal with的升级版。
[5]The government is coming under increasing pressure to deal with theproblem。
解析：coming under increasingpressure是托福独立写作开头段的常用语言点，因为很多考生喜欢写“人们的压力越来越大”，那就是People are coming underincreasing pressure。
[6]Long-term exposure to high levels of dangerous particulate [粒子] matterin smog - PM2.5 - has been linked to lung damage and respiratory illnesses。
解析：这句话的意思是“人 如果长时间暴露在雾霾里，其中高浓度的危险颗粒物质（也即PM2.5）就可能导致肺部受损或使人患上呼吸道疾病，这是有一定科学依据的。”这句话的 hasbeen linked to很难翻译，请大家仔细体会。这句话有高级英语的鲜明特征——名词结构，但翻回汉语的时候，就要加上人等主语，否则显得生硬。
[7]Beijing resident Cheng Xianke expressed concern for the health of theelderly and children。 He told Reuters： “For us who commute to work [乘车上下班] it’snot so bad but still I’m very concerned about the pollution。 I think thegovernment needs to put more effort into solving this。”
解析：expressed concerned for可看作were worried about的升级版；the elderly是oldpeople的委婉说法；put more effort into solving this可看作do something more to solvethis的升级版。
[8]Coal- powered industries and heating systems - in heavy use during thecold Beijing winter - are major contributors to the smog。
解析：are major contributors to the smog可看作have mainly caused the smog。
[9]China still depends on coal for more than 60% of its power， despite biginvestments in renewable energy sources。
解析：despite big investments in renewable energy sources可看作although it（China） has invested a lot in renewable energysources的升级版，因为高级英语倾向于使用介词短语与分词，这样显得更简单，而且不用考虑时态。如果大家想写出高质量的托福独立作文， 不妨注意一下这一点。
