一、改正下列错句

　　1. Surrounded by friends made Mark happy.

　　2. By attending the reception as a guest rather than as a waiter was a new experience for him.

　　3. Television provides us with a vivid, colorful world enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.

　　4. The football players were disappointed, because the sudden downpour.

　　5. My friends likes to play and often studies very late at night.

　　6. There are a lot of happy things take place every day.

　　7. I am sure that these beaches are different from our city.

　　8. To chew carefully and eating slowly are necessary for good digestion.

　　9. I bought the dictionary at a secondhand bookstore which cost five yuan.

　　10. Stepping into the classroom, my heart was beating very fast.

　　二、找出下面段落中的主题句

　　Passage 1

　　Doctors have the opinion that most people can not live beyond 100 years, but many scientists believe that the aging process can be controlled. There are more than 12,000 Americans over 100 years old, and their numbers are increasing each year. Dr. James Langley of Chicago claims that, theoretically and under ideal conditions, animals, including man, can live six times longer than their normal period of growth. A person's period of growth lasts about 25 years. If Dr. Langley's theory is accurate, future generations can expect a life span of 150 years.

　　Passage 2

　　The most obvious differences between different animals are differences of size, but for some reason the zoologists have paid singularly little attention to them. In a large textbook of zoology before me, I find no indication that the eagle is larger than the sparrow, or the hippopotamus bigger than the hare, though some grudging admissions are made in the case of the mouse and the whale. But yet it is easy to show that a hare could not be as large as a hippopotamus, or a whale as small as a herring. For every type of animal there is a most convenient size, and a large change in size invariably carries with it a change of form.

　　Passage 3

　　London's weather is very strange. It can rain several times a day; each time the rain may come suddenly after the sun is shining brightly. The air is damp and chill right through July. On one March afternoon on Hampton Heath last year it rained three times, there was one hail storm, and the sun shone brilliantly, all this within two hours' time. It is not unusual to see men and women rushing down the street on a sunny morning with umbrellas on their arms. No one knows what the next few moments will bring.

　　三、下面段落是否具有统一性？

　　Passage 1

　　There are far better places than a plane for sleep. But few places can be compared to a plane for reading. Imagine you are on a plane flying from Hongkong to Toronto. What are you going to do with those twenty hours when you are restricted to a seat? It will be difficult to sleep since it is extremely uncomfortable; staring at the ceiling will not help you pass the time. The best thing you can do is to read. Reading is also a good way to pass time on a train. The classics you have always meant to read. The new books you do not find time to get round to, the thick books which are never finished. These are perfect companions on a journey.

　　Passage 2

　　A job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. Firstly, the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objectively. It is important that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company. Secondly, the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company. Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices, the financial status of the company, plans for expansion, and company philosophy. Information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals.

　　四、下面段落是采用什么方法发展的？

　　Passage 1

　　There are a number of ways to keep fit. First, no matter how busy we are, we should have exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, it is important to keep good hours. For example, if we are in the habit of going to bed early and getting up early, we can avoid overworking ourselves and get enough sleep. Finally, entertainment is also necessary so that we may have some moments of relaxation. If we follow those instructions, we will certainly be in good health.

　　Passage 2

　　There are many reasons why languages change. To start with, various languages that start from the same parent developed their own uniqueness after speakers drifted away from one another to establish isolated, independent communities. Language change is also due to the influence of and interactions with foreign cultures, often as a result of military conquest. Another cause for language change is rapidly expanding technology and new systems of communications. They bring all cultures and languages closer contact and borrowing between languages has become a certain phenomenon in the contemporary world. All languages change as the experiences of their speakers change.

　　Passage 3

　　Politicians and political parties may be different from country to country, but I know people's political views fall into three categories. First is the conservative. I have not traveled much, but in my experience, conservatives are all alike no matter where they live. They want to be comfortable, but they do not want to spend much on anyone else's comfort or welfare. Second is the liberal. From what I have read in the newspapers, liberals seem to want the government to do everything. They usually do not have much experience in the real world of hard work. Third is the “middle-of-the-roader”. Middle-of-the-roaders can't make up their minds about what side to be on. In my opinion, most people are in this class. I don't think I fit any of these categories, but we can place most people into one of these groups.

　　五、根据题型要求完成下列作文

　　1. Educational Gap Continues to Grow(提纲作文)

　　(1) China's educational situation

　　(2) Reason for the widening educational gap

　　(3) Give your comments or suggestions

　　2. Energy in China (段首句作文)

　　(1) China is rich in various energy resources.

　　(2) However, energy waste has always remained a serious problem in China.

　　(3) It's high time we did something to prevent energy waste.

　　3. The Role of Migrant Workers (情景作文)

　　Directions: Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of 100 words or so about “The Role of Migrant Workers”. You can agree or disagree, completely or partially to the above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons.

　　六、根据文体要求进行写作

　　1. An Early Morning Walk (记叙文)

　　2. Dining Customs in China (说明文)

　　参考答案

　　一、改正下列错句

　　1. Surrounded by friends Mark felt happy.

　　2. Attending the reception as a guest rather than as a waiter was a new experience for him.

　　3. Television, which provides us with a vivid, colorful world, enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.

　　4. The football players were disappointed because of the sudden downpour.

　　5. Although my friend likes to play, he often studies very late at night.

　　6. There are a lot of happy things taking place every day.

　　7. I am sure that these beaches are different from those of our city.

　　8. Chewing carefully and eating slowly are necessary for good digestion.

　　9. I bought the dictionary which cost five yuan at a secondhand bookstore.

　　10. Stepping into the classroom, I felt my heart was beating very fast.

　　二、找出下面段落中的主题句

　　Passage 1 主题句在段尾。

　　Passage 2 主题句在段首和段尾。

　　Passage 3 主题句在段首。

　　三、下面段落是否具有统一性？

　　Passage 1 该段的主题句是第二句。关键词是a plane for reading。文章讨论的是飞机为何是一个阅读的好地方。但第七句说的是reading on a train，显然与讨论的主题无关，缺乏统一性。

　　Passage 2 第一句是段落的主题句：申请工作的人在接受面试前有必要了解某些方面的信息。主题句中的关键词是ascertaining certain types of information。紧接着，文章围绕主题句从两方面展开，论述了申请人应了解两类信息。因此，这是一个具有高度统一性的段落。

　　四、下面段落是采用什么方法发展的？

　　Passage 1(列举法) Passage 2(因果法) Passage 3 (分类法)

　　五、根据题型要求完成下列作文

　　Educational Gap Continues to Grow

　　One of China's educational goals is to provide equal chances for schooling to every child. But the fact is that children in less developed regions do not receive the same education as their counterparts in the cities. It, in my view, can be attributed to two reasons.

　　Firstly, rural areas do not have enough schools, teachers or teaching facilities due to a lack of finances. In the meantime, many students of the rural areas cannot afford the tuition, so they have to give up their schooling halfway.

　　Secondly, colleges and universities usually prefer students from cities to those from the countryside. On one hand, students from cities are generally believed to have broader horizons because they can travel or surf on-line to enrich their knowledge and enlarge the scope of view. On the other hand, students in rural schools are thought to be narrow-minded and to suffer from many psychological problems.

　　Currently, the education gap is growing. Since the poor areas do not have the talents they need to change the unfavorable educational situation, while more talented people are flocking to the cities to work, where they say they can fully develop themselves and actualize their dreams.

　　To bridge the gap, we need to give the poor children the same educational opportunities.

　　Energy in China

　　China is rich in various energy resources. She has a lot of coal mines all over its territories and the coal output ranks first in the world. She also has a few large oil fields, and usually natural gas accompanies oil production fields. In addition, large and small power plants have been built on fast rivers to make electricity. So the prospect of her resources is optimistic.

　　However, energy waste has always remained a serious problem in China. For example, a lot of coal is thrown away by families and factories without being completely burned. Electric lights are on even in the daytime. It is said that money on energy waste runs into millions of yuan each year. What a pity!

　　It's high time we did something to prevent energy waste. First, laws should be made to punish those who waste energy. Second, we should educate our people in the importance of economical use of energy. Third, we should further develop our science and technology to make our machines work more efficiently. And we are sure that, by doing so, our energy resources will be used to the best advantage.

　　The Role of Migrant Workers

　　Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They leave their homeland for better chances. Some want to change their destiny; some want to make a fortune. Whatever the purposes they cherished when millions of them streamed into big cities, they have promoted the development of cities.

　　Most of the migrant workers are hardworking and unafraid of hardships. They take up the dirtiest, the most strenuous or dangerous jobs which city laborers are unwilling to do. It is the migrant workers who have set up a lot of buildings and have kept the streets clean that help modernize and beautify cities. Not only have they become the main work force in the construction sectors, they also have helped liberate city women from heavy housework chores by taking care of the babies, cleaning houses or providing any other service citizens need.

　　Although some of the citizens complain about the increasing number of the problems such as theft, robbery that a few of migrant workers have committed, most of the citizens agree that their contribution is obvious, and with better management, their role in the construction of cities will definitely be greater.

　　六、根据文体要求进行写作

　　An Early Morning Walk

　　One morning, I got up very early, and everything around was quite quiet. I intended to go to the park for a walk. Having had my breakfast in a hurry, I headed for the park at half past five. The streets were almost deserted except for a few pedestrians. Without the crowds and traffic as usual, everything was rather quiet.

　　When I arrived at the park, to my surprise, I found that there were so many people. Some were running. Some were doing morning exercises. Others were jogging, playing badminton and so on.

　　The air was cool, clear and enjoyable. The ground was free of dirt. Some early birds were chattering in the trees, and occasionally hovering above the park, seemingly greeting me merrily. The atmosphere was warm and cheerful. What a beautiful and peaceful morning picture!

　　I left the park and began walking home at dusk, feeling much refreshed and energetic. An old proverb crept into my mind “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” Of course, I was not much more well-off for that, but I was fully convinced that taking early morning walks makes a man healthy and wise.

　　Dining Customs in China

　　Every country has its own peculiar dining customs. The Chinese feel that the first rule of being a courteous guest is to be modest. If a person is invited to dinner, he will decline first. As the host keeps on inviting him, he finally accepts it. Usually, the guest will bring some gifts to the host. The host does not accept the gift immediately. He'll say “No, don't bother!” or “Why did you bring gifts? You are too polite!”

　　When the guest sits down and starts chattering, the host offers something such as candies or fruits. The guest always says: “No, no, don't bother. I am not hungry.”

　　When the dinner is served, the guests are invited to sit down first. They sit in chairs that are facing the south, which are considered honored seats. When everybody is seated, the host asks them to eat because the guests will not eat until the host says so. The guests often eat very little because this is polite. Much food is left to show that the host has prepared more food than enough.

　　When the dinner is over, guests often offer to help in the cleaning, but of course, the host will not let them do so. They are asked to watch TV or drink tea. After some time, the guests will leave. It is customary for the host to see the guests off. The host tries to see them off to the farthest feasible point while the guests try to let the host stop and not see them off. Of course, the guests will invite the host to their home in order to repay them.

　　(文/冷凯利 李楠 李先进；英语辅导报 大学一年级版 04～05学年第16期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)