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收藏夹:四级阅读常见“信号词”(3)

http://www.sina.com.cn   2008年11月07日 13:44   新浪教育

  7.举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。

  For example/instance like

  Such as these include

  To illustrate among these are

  有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:

  The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.

  Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…

  在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:

  The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria.

  Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息).

  For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

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