六级考生冲刺：重点词汇精讲(3)
第二节：词汇微观突破
一。单词记忆规律
及时复习：一小时内；睡前；醒后；随时随地。
二。英语单词构词法
Example
internationalize, internationalization
↑
Internationale
↑
internationalist, internationalism←international→internationality, internationally
↑
nation-wide←nation→nation-hood, nation-state
↓
nationally, nationality←national→nationalize, nationalization, nationalism
↓
nationalist, nationalistic, nationalistically
1. Prefixes
1) dis- (not, the opposite of) disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dismay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate, disparage, dispassion, disproportionate
2) in- (not, in, into) inability, incorrect, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, infirm, injection, innate, insecurity, insider, insidious, insatiable
3) im- (not, in, into) impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse
4) il- (not) illegal, illiterate, illogical
5) ir- (not) irregular, irresponsible, irrespective
6) un- (not) unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, unenlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable
7) non- (not) nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, nonfundamentalist, nonspecialist
8) mis- (wrong, wrongly) misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation
9) de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce) deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent
10) pre- (before, in advance) prefix, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside , president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar, prediction, pre-scientific, presumptively, preconception
11) ante-, (before, in advance) anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique
12) fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front) forearm, forehead, foreman, foretell , foresee , forefather , foreleg, forerunner , fore , foremost, forecast, forewarn
13) ex- (out, out of, former) ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, extra, extract
14) post- (later than, after) postgraduate, postwar, postmeridian, postpone, postscript
15) sub- (under, below, less important) sub, subject, subway, subtitle, subdivide, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb, subconsciously, subtly
16) infra- (below in a range, beyond) infrastructure , infrared
17) re- (again, back to a former state) react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , reuse, review, revise, revive, revolt, revolution, revolutionary, revolve, reward
18) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- (with together) co-existence, cooperate, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, collocation, compassion, compassionate, concentric, confederation, conjoin, coordinate, correlate, correlation, correspond
19) inter- (between, among) international, interchange, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface , interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene
20) macro- (large) macroeconomics , macrocosm , macrostructure
21) micro- (extremely small) microcomputer, microeconomics , microscope, microphone, microsurgery, microelectronics, microbiologist
22) super- (greater or more than) super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme, supersystem
23) sur- (more than, beyond) surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect
24) ultra- (beyond, very, too) ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet
25) auto- (of or by oneself) auto, autocriticism, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography , autonomous , autonomy
26) mal- (bad, badly) malfunction, maltreat , malnutrition , malpractice
27) tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television) telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise
28) semi-, hemi- (half) semicircle, semiconductor, semi-colony , semifinal, hemisphere
29) uni-, mono- (one) uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue , monoplane, monopoly , monotone, monotonous , carbon monoxide
30) bi-, di- (two) biweekly, bicycle, bilateral , billion, bilingual, dialogue, carbon dioxide
31) tri- (three) tricycle , triangle, triangular, trilogy , triple, trigonometry
32) quadri-, quadru- (four) quadruple, quadrangle
33) penta- (five) pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium
34) hexa- (six) hexagon, hexangular
35) sept- (seven) September, Sept-Wolves
36) octa- (eight) octagon, octave, octopus, October
37) nona- (nine) nonagon, November
38) deci-, deca- (ten) decade, decimal
39) centi- (hundredth part) centigrade, centimeter, centipede , century
40) kilo- (thousand) kilo, kilometer, kilogram(me)， kilowatt
41) mill- (thousand) millennium , millimeter
42) multi- (many) multipurpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude
43) counter-, anti-, contra- (opposite, against) counteract, counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antigravity, antimatter, antiwar, antinuclear, contradict, contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast, anticonsumerism, anti-intellectualism
44) mini- (smallest, short) minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute
45) max- (greatest) maximum, maximal , maximize
46) out- (outside, beyond) outdo, outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts , outward, outcome, outer, outing , outline, outlook, output, outrage , outside
47) over- (too much, above, additional) overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass , overthrow , overturn , overall, overdue , overhead, overhear , overlook, overseas, overtime
48) trans- (across, on or to the other side of) transaction , transatlantic, transcend , transfer, transform, transistor , transit , transition , translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation
49) under- (too little, below) underdevelop, underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie , underline, undersea, underlying , undermine , underneath, underwear
50) neo- (new) neo-Nazism, neolithic
51) be- (cause to be or have) befriend, belittle
52) bio- (life) biology, biography , autobiography, antibiotic, biochemistry, biosphere, biomedical
53) en- em- (cause to become, put into the stated condition) embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich, encompass, enthrone, entrench
54) extra- (outside, beyond) extracurricular, extraordinary
55) mid- (middle) midday, midnight
56) poly- (many) polycentric, polydirectional, polysyllabic
57) pseudo- (not real, false) pseudomemory, pseudonym, pseudoscience
58) thermo- (heat) thermochemistry, thermometer
59) vice- (next in rank below) vice-chairman, vice-president
60) aero- (air) aerial , aeroplane, aeronautics, aerospace
61) cross- (across, going between the stated things and joining them) cross-country, crossbreed
62) intra- (inside, within; into) intracity, intra-department, intranet
63) pro- (in favor of, supporting) pro-America, pro-abortion
64) self- (by means of oneself or itself, of, to; with, for or in oneself or itself) self-employed, self-taught
65) step- (not by birth but through a parent who has remarried) stepmother, stepchildren
66) by-, bye- (less important) by-product, byway
67) a-, (on, in; not, without; intensive) aboard, abroad, ahead, ashore, aside, ashamed, awake, aware, abed, aflame; amoral, anarchy, anonymous, asocial, atom, apolitical, acentric; abide, alike, amaze, arise, arouse, await
68) ab-, abs- (the opposite of, away from, off) abnormal, abrupt, absent, abstract, abuse, abortion
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