By Bob Arnon

　　临风 选注

　　爱美之心，人皆有之。纵横古今中外，不爱照镜子的人寥寥无几。镜子究竟魔力几许？

　　We are all more obsessed<注1> with our appearance than we like to admit. But this is not an indication of 'vanity'. Vanity means conceit,<注2> excessive<注3> pride in one's appearance. Concern about appearance is quite normal and understandable. Attractive people have distinct advantages in our society. Studies show:Attractive children are more popular, both with classmates and teachers. Teachers give higher evaluations to the work of attractive children and have higher expectations of them. Attractive applicants have a better chance of getting jobs, and of receiving higher salaries. (One US study found that taller men earned around per inch more than shorter executives.) In court, attractive people are found guilty less often. When found guilty, they receive less severe sentences.

　　The 'bias for beauty' operates in almost all social situations—experiments show we react more favourably to physically attractive people.

　　We also believe in the 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype—an irrational but deep—seated belief that physically attractive people possess other desirable characteristics such as intelligence, competence, social skills, confidence—even moral virtue.<注4> (The good fairy/princess is always beautiful; the wicked stepmother is always ugly.)

　　It is not surprising that physical attractiveness is of overwhelming importance to us.

　　Concern with appearance is not just an aberration<注5> of Modern Western culture. Every period of history has had its own standards of what is and is not beautiful, and every contemporary society has its own distinctive concept of the ideal physical attributes.<注6> In the 19th Century being beautiful meant wearing a corset<注7>—causing breathing and digestive problems. Now we try to diet and exercise ourselves into the fashionable shape—often with even more serious consequences.<注8>But although we resemble our ancestors and other cultures in our concern about appearance, there is a difference in degree of concern. Advances in technology and in particular the rise of the mass media has caused normal concerns about how we look to become obsessions.

　　How? There are 3 reasons:

　　* Thanks to the media, we have become accustomed to extremely rigid and uniform standards of beauty.

　　* TV, billboards,<注9> magazines etc. mean that we see 'beautiful people' all the time, more often than members of our own family, making exceptional good looks seem real, normal and attainable.

　　* Standards of beauty have in fact become harder and harder to attain, particularly for women. The current media ideal of thinness for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female population.

　　Even very attractive people may not be looking in the mirror out of 'vanity', but out of insecurity. We forget that there are disadvantages to being attractive: attractive people are under much greater pressure to maintain their appearance. Also, studies show that attractive people don't benefit from the 'bias for beauty' in terms of self-esteem. They often don't trust praise of their work or talents, believing positive evaluations to be influenced by their appearance.