动词不定式是英语学习中非常活跃的部分，也是英语考试中常考的知识点。它分为带to和不带to两种形式，其作用相当于名词、形容词或副词，通常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。这样看来，动词不定式的能量可真不小，让我们全面接触一下它吧！

　　一、作宾语的不定式

　　1.不定式的一般式作宾语，一般表示未来的动作。不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语，即：afford,agree,attempt,consent,decide,desire,expect,endure,fear,fail,intend,manage, mean,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,propose, refuse,regret,remember,seek,want等。例如：

　　1)M r.Johnson preferred to be given heavier work to do.

　　2)There's a m an at the reception desk who seem s very angry and I think he means to make trouble.

　　2.不定式作宾语时，也可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而作真正宾语的不定式短语后置。可接形式宾语的常见动词有：consider,feel,find,judge,suppose,think等。例如：

　　1)I found it impossible to get to the classroom in time.

　　2)He considered it a great honor to be here at the party.

　　3.不定式前加一个连接代(副)词构成特殊的不定式短语，常在某些动词后面作宾语。常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：advise,consider,find out,forget,imagine, know,learn,remember,see,tell,think,under- stand,wonder等。例如：

　　Everyone had an application form in his hand,but no one knew to which office room to send it.(1993.12)

　　二、作定语的不定式

　　1.不定式要放在所修饰的名词或代词后面，作后置定语，常见的后接不定式作定语的名词有：agreement, attempt, decision, plan, pressure, promise, project, intention, need, opportunity,time等等。例如：

　　1)The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

　　2)If the building project to be completed by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.

　　2.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系等。(值得注意的是在不定式与其所修饰的名词有动宾关系时，根据需要在不定式后加适当的介词。)例如：

　　1)The next plane to arrive is from Shanghai.(主谓关系)

　　2)The beautiful girl couldn't resist the temptation to buy the gold neck- lace.(同位关系)

　　3)I'm looking for m y dormitory to live in.(动宾关系)

　　三、作状语的不定式

　　1.不定式可用来作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果或原因。例如：

　　1)To become a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a m aster's degree.(目的)

　　2)He hurried to the railway station,only to find that the train had left.(结果)

　　3)We jumped with joy to hear the good news.(原因)

　　2.不定式也可用在作表语的形容词(或过去分词)后面作状语，说明产生这种情况的原因或在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况。例如：

　　Jim is sorry to have been so impolite to your guest last Saturday.

　　四、作宾补的不定式

　　不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补足语，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, have, hear, invite, make, order, perm it, press, remind, tell, urge, warm等(有些动词后的不定式符号to可以省略)。例如：

　　1)I have heard both teachers and students speak well of him .

　　2)With the development in science and technology m an can make various flowers bloom before their time.

　　五、不定式几种形式的说明

　　1.不定式的一般式，通常表示未来的动作。

　　2.不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前完成。

　　3.不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行或同时发生。

　　4.不定式的被动式表示不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。

　　动词不定式攻关练习：

　　1.He asked _______ since he had been chairman for seven years.

　　A)not to have been reelected

　　B)to be not re-elected

　　C)not to be re-elected

　　D)to have not been re-elected

　　2.Mrs.Brown is supposed _______ for Italy last week.

　　A)to have left B)to be leaving

　　C)to leave D)to have been left

　　3.The Greens _______ here ,but not any m ore.

　　A)were used to living

　　B)had lived

　　C)used to live

　　D)had been living

　　4.It is not unusual for workers in that region _______.

　　A)to be paid m ore than a month late

　　B)to be paid later than more a month

　　C)to pay later than a month m ore

　　D)to pay late m ore than a month

　　5.Sir Dennis,who is 78,has made it known that much of his collection _______ to the nation.

　　A)has left B)is to leave

　　C)leaves D)is to be left

　　6.I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem _______ all the time.

　　A)got worse

　　B)to be getting worse

　　C)have got worse

　　D)getting worse

　　7.The bank is reported in the local newspaper _______ in broad daylight yesterday.

　　A)being robbed

　　B)having been robbed

　　C)to have been robbed

　　D)robbing

　　8.Irish weddings are almost certain to _______ in this way for generations.

　　A)have celebrating

　　B)be celebrated

　　C)have celebrated

　　D)have been celebrated

　　9.The Italian football team played so successfully _______ the Brazilians.

　　A)as not to defeat

　　B)as to defeat

　　C)in order not to defeat

　　D)for the purpose defeat

　　10.It isn't cold enough for there _______ a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim 's car out quite safely.

　　A)would be B)being

　　C)was D)to be

　　Key：1-5 C)A)C)A)D) 6-10 B)C)D)B)D)

　　(文/天津武警医学院崔学军；英语通大学英语六级考试版2003年第11期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)

　　动词不定式全接触

　　动词不定式是英语学习中非常活跃的部分，也是英语考试中常考的知识点。它分为带to和不带to两种形式，其作用相当于名词、形容词或副词，通常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。这样看来，动词不定式的能量可真不小，让我们全面接触一下它吧！

　　一、作宾语的不定式

　　1.不定式的一般式作宾语，一般表示未来的动作。不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语，即：afford, agree, attempt, consent, decide, desire, expect, endure, fear, fail, intend, manage, mean, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seek, want等。例如：

　　1)M r.Johnson preferred to be given heavier work to do.

　　2)There's a m an at the reception desk who seem s very angry and I think he means to make trouble.

　　2.不定式作宾语时，也可以用先行词it作形式宾语，而作真正宾语的不定式短语后置。可接形式宾语的常见动词有：consider,feel,find,judge,suppose,think等。例如：

　　1)I found it impossible to get to the classroom in time.

　　2)He considered it a great honor to be here at the party.

　　3.不定式前加一个连接代(副)词构成特殊的不定式短语，常在某些动词后面作宾语。常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：advise, consider, find out, forget, imagine, know, learn, remember, see, tell, think, under- stand, wonder等。例如：

　　Everyone had an application form in his hand，but no one knew to which office room to send it.(1993.12)

　　二、作定语的不定式

　　1.不定式要放在所修饰的名词或代词后面，作后置定语，常见的后接不定式作定语的名词有：agreement,attempt,decision,plan, pressure,promise,project,intention,need,opportunity,time等等。例如：

　　1)The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

　　2)If the building project to be completed by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.

　　2.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系等。(值得注意的是在不定式与其所修饰的名词有动宾关系时，根据需要在不定式后加适当的介词。)例如：

　　1)The next plane to arrive is from Shanghai.(主谓关系)

　　2)The beautiful girl couldn't resist the temptation to buy the gold neck- lace.(同位关系)

　　3)I'm looking for m y dormitory to live in.(动宾关系)

　　三、作状语的不定式

　　1.不定式可用来作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果或原因。例如：

　　1)To become a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a m aster's degree.(目的)

　　2)He hurried to the railway station,only to find that the train had left.(结果)

　　3)We jumped with joy to hear the good news.(原因)

　　2.不定式也可用在作表语的形容词(或过去分词)后面作状语，说明产生这种情况的原因或在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况。例如：

　　Jim is sorry to have been so impolite to your guest last Saturday.

　　四、作宾补的不定式

　　不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补足语，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, have, hear, invite, make, order, perm it, press, remind, tell, urge, warm等(有些动词后的不定式符号to可以省略)。例如：

　　1)I have heard both teachers and students speak well of him .

　　2)With the development in science and technology m an can make various flowers bloom before their time.

　　五、不定式几种形式的说明

　　1.不定式的一般式，通常表示未来的动作。

　　2.不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前完成。

　　3.不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行或同时发生。

　　4.不定式的被动式表示不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。

　　动词不定式攻关练习：

　　1.He asked _______ since he had been chairman for seven years.

　　A)not to have been reelected

　　B)to be not re-elected

　　C)not to be re-elected

　　D)to have not been re-elected

　　2.Mrs.Brown is supposed _______ for Italy last week.

　　A)to have left B)to be leaving

　　C)to leave D)to have been left

　　3.The Greens _______ here ,but not any m ore.

　　A)were used to living

　　B)had lived

　　C)used to live

　　D)had been living

　　4.It is not unusual for workers in that region _______.

　　A)to be paid m ore than a month late

　　B)to be paid later than more a month

　　C)to pay later than a month m ore

　　D)to pay late m ore than a month

　　5.Sir Dennis,who is 78,has made it known that much of his collection _______ to the nation.

　　A)has left B)is to leave

　　C)leaves D)is to be left

　　6.I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem _______ all the time.

　　A)got worse

　　B)to be getting worse

　　C)have got worse

　　D)getting worse

　　7.The bank is reported in the local newspaper _______ in broad daylight yesterday.

　　A)being robbed

　　B)having been robbed

　　C)to have been robbed

　　D)robbing

　　8.Irish weddings are almost certain to _______ in this way for generations.

　　A)have celebrating

　　B)be celebrated

　　C)have celebrated

　　D)have been celebrated

　　9.The Italian football team played so successfully _______ the Brazilians.

　　A)as not to defeat

　　B)as to defeat

　　C)in order not to defeat

　　D)for the purpose defeat

　　10.It isn't cold enough for there _______ a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim 's car out quite safely.

　　A)would be B)being

　　C)was D)to be

　　Key：1-5 C)A)C)A)D) 6-10 B)C)D)B)D)

　　(文/天津武警医学院崔学军；英语通大学英语六级考试版2003年第11期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)