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语法知识：简单句中若干复习难点、要点

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/18 16:31 英语辅导报

　　一、反意疑问句的各种附加问句。

　　附加疑问句是简单句中的学习难点：

　　1.陈述句部分有ought to,used to时，附加问句可用oughtn't或shouldn't和didn't或usedn't两种形式。如：

　　You ought to know about it,oughtn't you/shouldn't you?

　　You used to live in Paris,didn't /usedn'tyou?

　　2.陈述句部分有must表示推测时，其附加问句表示对现实情况推测用be，对过去推测用didn't(有过去时间状语)，或didn't,haven't /hasn't均可(没过去时间状语)。如：

　　They must be from Canada，aren't they?

　　She must have stayed with Barbara last night，didn't she?

　　You must have met her,didn't /haven't you?

　　3.陈述句主语为everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,no one时，附加问句代词一般用they,但也可用he。如：

　　Everyone is here,aren't they /isn't he?

　　陈述句主语为everything,something,nothing时，附加问句代词用it。如：

　　Nothing can stop us,can it?

　　4.陈述句为I think /suppose /expect /believe /guess /imagine＋宾语从句时，附加问句主语与从句主语一致。如：

　　I don't think you are right,are you?

　　I don't believe you've met my wife,have you?

　　I think you'll be angry with me,won't you?

　　若陈述句主语是第二、三人称，附加问句则与主句主语一致。如：

　　They don't think I am right,do they?

　　5.陈述句为第二人称祈使句，附加问句常用will you,但也有用won't you表示提醒对方注意。如：

　　Come here,will you?

　　Fetch me a chair,won't you?

　　-Alice,you feed the bird today，will you?

　　-But I fed it yesterday.

　　6.陈述句为Let's...时，附加问句用shall we。如：

　　Let's give him a hand,shall we?

　　二、简单句中的否定形式。

　　1完全否定：用no(与名词连用),not或never(与动词连用),none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither等词，否定主语、宾语、谓语或状语等其它成分。如：

　　He made no mistakes in the exercises.

　　I am not a fool.

　　Neither sentence is correct.

　　2.基本否定：用hardly,seldom,little,few等含否定意义的词，修饰动词或名词，否定谓语或主、宾语。如：

　　The old woman can hardly read.

　　There is little or no hope.

　　3.部分否定：用all /both /everyone /

　　everybody /everything＋not...或Not all /both /everyone /everybody /everything...的句式。如：

　　Not all the ants go out for food.

　　Not every person can be a talent(天才).

　　4.没有否定词的too...to...句式表示否定。如：

　　It's too dangerous to cross.

　　I went too late to see him.

　　5.双重否定句：一个句子出现两种否定形式，这种双重否定结构是一种强调手段。句子形式为否定之否定，但实际效果是加强肯定。如：

　　I can't disobey her.我不得不服从她。

　　No one has nothing to offer to society.每个人都可向社会做出一点奉献。

　　6.句中虽有带否定前缀的词，但却不视为否定句，其反意疑问句的附加问句用否定形式。如：

　　You are unwelcome,aren't you?

　　The girl was much disappointed at failing to win the prize，wasn't she?

　　7.否定疑问句表示惊异、责难、赞叹、建议等。如：

　　Didn't you have a good time at the ball?(惊异)

　　Isn't it a lovely day?(赞叹)

　　Won't you come in and have a cup of tea?(建议)

　　Why are you so late?Didn't I tell you to come early?(责难)

　　(文/安徽黄山檀良洲；英语通高三版2003学年第10期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)

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