语法技巧篇:动词不定式作主语 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/19 09:19 英语辅导报 |
I.不定式(短语)作主语虽姗姗来迟,但"Better late than never.";今天报道其用法,主要因为它是考点、热题。如: 1.To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.百闻不如一见。 2.To go to bed early and to get up early makes a person healthy.早睡早起,让人强身健体。 特别关注:不少作主语的不定式(短语)与动名词在意义上非常接近。如: 3.To see(Seeing)is to believe(believing).眼见为实。 II.很多情况下,尤其是口语中,常有"it"义务来作形式主语---"替父从军",而让"真正主角"---不定式(短语)悠闲断后(无官一身轻)。如: 4.It's not easy to learn a foreign language well.要把一门外语学好不容易。 5.It's very interesting to play Weiqi.下围棋很有趣。 特别关注:例4、5皆为形容词作表语;在实际操作中,不定式(短语)往往有权"招聘"个逻辑主语,届时靠of /for出面"打理、链接",即It's+adj.+for /of sb.+to do sth.。如: 6.It's hard for me to finish the task in such a short time.对我而言,要在如此短的时间里完成任务是困难的。 至于聘用of还是for,直接取决于作表语的形容词的属性:若该形容词能修饰人,像kind,nice,good, clever,right,polite,careless等,描述的是人的特征、品德等(即可说sb.be adj.),则of适宜;如果属性仅为描述事物特点、外观类词,则用"for sb."没商量!如easy,hard /difficult,safe, interesting,important,necessary等,下例"正误辨析"可略见一斑: 出席这个会议对你来说很重要。 【误】It's very important of you to attend the meeting. 【正】It's very important for you to attend the meeting. 【析】因不能说成"You're important.";除非形容词"important"换成了"right"之类:"It's very right of you to attend the meeting.你能出席这个会议很对/合适。" III.另有两种常见的不定式(短语)作主语的句式,同样一个都不能少! a.It takes /took /will take(sb.)some time / money to do sth.(见例7) b.It's+n.+to do sth.(见例8) 7.It takes(us)hours to do our homework everyday.(我们)每天要花数小时做家庭作业。 8.It's my duty to water the flowers.浇花是我的职责。 特别关注:要对不定式作否定,暗号照旧 ---不定式前面加not(见例4与9)! 9.It's a mistake for us not to help him.我们不帮他是个错误。 IV.与疑问词how,what,when,where, which等"联合主演"的不定式(短语)作主语---"时代新宠儿"。如: 10.Where to put the bikes is being discussed.把自行车放哪儿正在讨论当中。 11.When and where to have the meeting hasn't been notified.什么时候、什么地方开会还未宣布。 V.不定式(短语)作主语练习版:补充下列句子,一空一词。 ①乘飞机旅行一定很舒服。 must be comfortable by air. ②骑自行车去那儿花了我们二十多分钟。 us over twenty minutes a bike there. ③难为你们这样替我着想。 very kind you so much of me. ④不让他去是不公平的。 Not is unfair. ⑤怎么去那儿仍是个问题。 there is still a problem. ⑥当绿灯亮时过马路有危险。 dangerous us the road when the lights are green. KEY:①It,to travel②It took,to ride③It's,of,to think④to let him go⑤How to go⑥It's,for,to cross (文/江西李守锡;英语通2003年第10期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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