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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 应试技巧篇:介词复习“闯五关”

应试技巧篇:介词复习“闯五关”
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/19 09:14  英语辅导报

  介词是中学英语中较难的一类词,也是全国各地中考题中常会考查的一类词,要想在中考中通过介词这一关,同学们要先闯过下面三关,这样方能在中考中得心应手。

  一闯句意理解关

  与做其它方面知识点考查题一样,解与介词有关的考题时,往往是所给选项在填入空处后都是正确的,但如果我们结合句意去分析便可找出正确答案。请看下面各中考例题。

  1.We are all here Li Ming because he is ill.

  A.besides B.and C.except D.of(2003娄底)

  分析:根据句意可推知Li Ming应是没有来,从整体中除去一个(或一部分)个体应用except,正确答案为C。

  2.-What did Mary have breakfast this morning?

   -She was late for school and hurried off breakfast.

  A.for,without B.at,without C.for,after D.at,after(2001江西)

  分析:此题关键在于解决第二个空处。由句意"她上学迟到了,所以匆忙离开",可推知早饭便没有时间吃了,故A和B可能正确,第一空处用介词for表示早餐吃什么。故正确答案为A。

  3.Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back two weeks.

  A.for B.after C.in D.at(2002天津)

  分析:所给四个选项除了D外都可放在一段时间前,解决此题的关键也应注重对句意的理解。前一句说明Mr Brown已去了加拿大,后一句说明的应是他回来的时间,该时间是两周以后,for用以指某个动作或状态持续的时间长度,B和C可能正确,都可表示"在……之后",但在表将来时的句子中,后面为一段时间时应用in。C为正确答案。

  二闯介词混用关

  由于英汉表达方式的不同,英语固定用法或搭配常与汉语不同。同学们应注意不可混用介词。请看下面各中考题例:

  1. fine mornings,old people get together and do exercises by the lake.(2003扬州)

  A.On B.At C.To D.In

  分析:表示"在早上(下午、晚上等)一般应用介词in,但如果表示在具体某一天的早上(下午、晚上等)则应用介词on。故答案为A。再如:

  2.I was born on July 2,and my birthday is coming up soon.

  A.for B.at C.in D.on(2001北京)

  正确答案为D。

  3. the evening of May 31,the 2002 FIFA World Cup started in South Korea.

  A.On B.At C.Of D.In(2002海淀区)

  正确答案为A。

  4.We are doing much better English our teachers' help.

  A.in,at B.at,in C.in,with

  D.with,with(2002河北)

  分析:在"学科"前用介词in。表示"在某方面帮助某人"应用help...with...同样"在……的帮助下"应用with the help of...或with one's help,而不可受汉语的影响将with用介词under来代替。故C答案正确。

  三闯介词遗漏关

  在一些动词结构中需用上适当的介词,同学们常会忽略这一点而引发错误。请看下面题例。

  1.He has got a chair to sit ,but nobody to talk .

  A.on,to B./,with C.on,/D./,to(2003重庆)

  分析:此二空处均在动词不定式中,这两个动词不定式在句中都充当定语。当动词不定式在句中作定语时,如果中心词即是该不定式的逻辑宾语,则该动词不定式应由及物动词构成,否则需在其后加上适当的介词。A为正确答案。

  在too...to,enough to...结构中,当句子的主语为其中的不定式的逻辑宾语时,也是如此。例如:

  The pen is too difficult to write .

  A.in B.by C./ D.with

  正确答案为D。

  2.I think it is Kate who is knocking the door.

  A./B.at C.about D.out

  分析:一些不及物动词后面不可直接带宾语,应在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语,此时介词不可漏掉。此题易误选A的原因便在于此。knock是一个不及物动词,常与应用介词at或on连用,表示"敲……"。故B为正确答案。

  3.He didn't tell us .

  A.what they were talking B.what they were talking about

  C.what were they talking D.what were they talking about

  分析:由宾语从句应用陈述句语序可排除C和D。连接代词what在从句中作谓语动词的宾语,但talk是一个不及物动词,故在其后应加上介词about。B为正确答案。

  4.This is the train .

  A.by that we went to Beijing B.that we went to Beijing

  C.by which we went to Beijing D.which we went to Beijing.

  分析:供选择部分是一个定语从句,在句中充当the train的定语。故关系代词在从句中应作介词by的宾语,介词by不可丢掉。同时,介词后的关系代词应用which,而不可用that。C为正确答案。动词不定式与疑问代词的连用情况与上述情况相同,即该疑问代词如果是后面的动词不定式的意义上的宾语时,该动词不定式若是一个不及物动词,则应在后面加上适当的介词。再如:

  5I can't decide .

  A.which subject to talk about B.which subject to talk

  C.to talk about which subject D.which to talk about subject

  正确答案为A。

  四闯多用介词关

  由于对某些词的理解不够透彻,同学们常常会在不该用介词的地方误用上了介词。请看下列各题例。

  1.They visited the Great Wall last autumn.

  A.at B.from C.since D./

  分析:英语时间常用介词in,on,at,since,for等引出,但在以this, that, tomorrow, next, yesterday, every, last, today等开头的时间状语前一般不可用介词。D为正确答案。

  2.Didn't he tell you ?

  A.he would go to abroad B.he had gone abroad

  C.he was going abroad D.he has gone abroad

  分析:abroad,downstairs,upstairs,here,there及home(到家、在家)等均为副词,它们的前面常不用介词in,at,to等。故可排除A、B,但D的时态与主句不一致,故C为正确答案。

  五闯区分介词与副词关

  英语中短语动词有两类:"动词+介词"、"动词+副词",前者的宾语只可放在介词后;后者的宾语为名词时可放在副词前或后,当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之间。这在中考考题中屡见不鲜。请看下列考例。

  This coat looks nice.Can I ?

  A.try on it B.try it on C.to try on it D.to try it on(2002广西)

  分析:try on表示"试穿",其中的on为副词,而不是介词,宾语it应放在on的前面。同时在情态动词can后应用动词原形,故B为正确答案。

  中考题站

  1.It's time the weather report.Turn on the TV,please.

  A.to B.for C.at D.in(2002大连)

  2.You must stand line when you are waiting a bus.

  A.on,in B.in,for C.in,on D.on,for(2002福州)

  3.The little boy tripped a stone and one of his feet was badly hurt     a rainy day.

  A.over,in B.over,on C.at,in D.at,on(2003泰州)

  4. her way home,Liu Mei helped a lost child find his mother.

  A.By B.In C.At D.On(2003盐城)

  5.What are you going to give our English teacher Teachers' day on September 10th?

  A.for,on B.for,of C.to,for D.on,at(2003资阳)

  6.The foreigners arrived Shanghai late night.

  A.at,at B.in,at C.in,in D.at,in(2001上海)

  7.The book was written English.

  A.in B.with C.from D.by(2001天津)

  8.It's very nice you to take care of my baby while I was away.

  A.for B.of C.with D.to(2001陕西)

  9. the other side the street,there is a flower shop.

  A.On,of B.To,of C.To,in D.On,at(2001黑龙江)

  10.It's bad for your health to go to work breakfast.

  A.without B.at C.for D.with(2002吉林)

  11.Are you ready?We will go out for a picnic three o'clock.

  A.in B.after C.for D.since(2002重庆)

  12.-James ,these are your socks .Please .

  -OK,Mum.

  A.put away it B.put it away

  C.put away them D.put them away(2002福州)

  Answers:

  1--5 BBBDC 6---12 BABAABD

  (文/安徽定远中学诸立忠;英语通2003年第11期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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