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英语语法辅导：由whoever想到的

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/02/26 12:54 英语辅导报

　　多数英语学习者见到词尾带-ever的单词就习惯性地将其译成"无论……"，其实这种做法在很多情况下是行不通的，因为那只是这类单词的用法之一，除此之外此类单词还有其他一些用法值得英语学习者注意。因这类单词在阅读和测试中出现频率较高，而在不同语境中其用法和含义却不尽相同。在近三年的全国英语四级试题中每年都有一道涉及-ever用法的试题：

　　1)We agreed to accept _________ they thought was the best tourist guide.

　　A)whatever B)whomever

　　C)whichever D)whoever (2000年1月,53)

　　2)_________ difficulties we may come across,we'll help one another to overcome them.

　　A)Wherever B)Whatever

　　C)However D)Whenever

　　(2001年1月,57)

　　3)They always give the vacant seats to _________ comes first.

　　A)whoever B)whomever

　　C)who D)whom

　　(2002年12月,51)

　　在第2)题中,whatever意为"无论什么"引导状语从句；而在第1)和第3)题中，who- ever意为"the person who或anyone who"，用来引导宾语从句。

　　这类由"特殊疑问词＋ever"构成的单词有：whatever,whichever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however.现将它们的用法归纳如下：

　　1.引导让步状语从句

　　这也是这类单词最常见的用法，一般译为"无论……"。如：

　　Keep calm ,whatever happens.(无论什么)

　　Whoever you are,you can't pass this way. (无论谁)

　　I will find her wherever she may be.(无论在哪里)

　　Come and see me whenever you want to.(无论何时)

　　However frightened you may be yourself,you must remain outwardly calm.(无论怎样)

　　2.whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句

　　1)whatever起双重作用，相当于"anything that"或"any...that"，可引导主语从句和宾语从句。

　　①可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"anything that"，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：

　　Whatever I have is at your service.(引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)

　　Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)

　　I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)

　　②可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"any...that,在从句中作定语。如：

　　She would tell him whatever news she got.(＝any news that)

　　Whatever measures are adopted must be consistent with the rules.(＝any measures that)

　　2)whoever起双重作用，相当于"anyone who",可引导主语从句和宾语从句。前面提

　　到的2000年1月和2002年12月的两道四级试题均属于此种用法。又如：

　　I will give my ticket to whoever wants it.(引导宾语从句)

　　Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.(引导主语从句)

　　3)whichever引导主语从句或宾语从句，译为"无论哪一个"。如：

　　Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.(引导主语从句)

　　I will take whichever fits the sockets.(引导宾语从句)

　　在英语学习中，无论是阅读文章，还是做题都要看清语境，结合上下文来确定单词的含义。不能只记住这类单词"无论……"的意思并将其运用于各种场合。请做下面的练习来巩固一下上面讲的。

　　Exercises：

　　1)_________ makes mistakes must correct them.

　　A)Whomever B)Whichever

　　C)Whoever D)Whatever

　　2)You can take _________ seat you like.

　　A)wherever B)whichever

　　C)whomever D)whenever

　　3)College students are free to study _________ interests them.

　　A)wherever B)whichever

　　C)whenever D)whatever

　　4)Free movie tickets will be given to _________ comes first.

　　A)whoever B)whomever

　　C)whosever D)however

　　5)You don't have to worry,since no one will notice _________ you do.

　　A)whichever B)whatever

　　C)however D)whenever

　　6)Does British foreign policy remain the same,_________ is in power?

　　A)that party B)whose party

　　C)whichever party D)whatever party

　　7)Air is all around us._________ we are on the earth,we are surrounded by air.

　　A)Wherever B)Whatever

　　C)However D)Whenever

　　8)_________ hard he tries,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　A)Wherever B)Whatever

　　C)Whenever D)However

　　9)I'll go to the theatre _________ I get the chance.

　　A)wherever B)whatever

　　C)whenever D)however

　　10)_________ plan you adopt,you will encounter difficulties.

　　A)Wherever B)Whichever

　　C)Whenever D)Whoever

　　参考答案: 1)-5) C) B) D) A) B)

　　6)-10)C) A) D) C) B)

　　(文/辽宁鞍山蔡丽华;英语通大学英语四级考试版03~04学年第12期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)

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