语法辅导:同位语从句ABC |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/03/02 22:19 英语辅导报 |
同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope,belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如: They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。 同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别: 1从先行词来看 同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如: They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。 (逻辑关系:The news was that their team had won.) 而定语从句无上述逻辑关系。 2从引导词来看 引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。试比较: The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语) The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起连接从句的作用) 3同位语从句的简易判断方法 如上所述,同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的同位关系。所以,我们可在名词和从句之间加系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果合乎逻辑,句子通顺,则原句为同位语从句;定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如: The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.地球是扁平的这一观念依然在一些国家存在。(The belief is that the earth is flat.) 能用于名词性从句的名词有:ability, patience, anxiety, answer, order, report, wish, decision, suggestion, belief, doubt, fact, hope, message, news, promise, question, reply,等等。例如: Finally the workers got an answer that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages.工人们最终得知政府不会采取任何措施来增加他们的工资。 (文/安徽当涂王正华尚启益;英语辅导报高三版03~04学年第19期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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