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高中英语知识辅导:高考英语听力考点透视
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/03/26 21:23  英语辅导报

  高考英语听力测试部分分为两节。第一节共有5段简短对话,每段对话设置一个问题,每段录音材料只播放一次。因此,考生拿到试卷以后,应立即浏览这一部分问题,做好充分准备,避免不必要的失分。因为录音材料只播放一次,考生没有再听录音来核对答案的机会。开好局对于考生形成稳定的情绪和良好的做题心理,顺利完成考试任务非常重要。第二节共有5段较长的对话或独白。每段对话或独白后一般设几个问题,对话或独白的录音材料播放两遍。较长的对话实际上是简短对话的延伸与扩展;独白与阅读理解题设问形式基本相同,只不过它是以语音的形式测试考生对语篇的理解罢了。本节试题涉及日常生活、社会、人与自然、人与人等各个领域的方方面面,如社交、态度、情感、时空、职业、爱好、文学艺术等。可以从多个角度、多层面测试考生对信息的筛选、提炼、加工及分析、推理、判断能力。

  听力测试总分为30分,占全卷总分的20%,这已是个不小的比例,务必引起考生的高度重视。因此,透视听力考点十分必要。

  考点一:听录音判断时间和地点

  时间是听力测试中常出现的考点。三个选项一般都是表达时刻、年、月、日、星期几的数字或单词。这类题有时较简单,可直接听出答案;有时较复杂,需要通过简单运算。这类测试题常出现half past..., a quarter to..., ...a.m., ...p.m., before, ahead, earlier等表示时间提前的词;later, delay, put off等表示时间推后的词。此外,还有近音干扰,如fourteen和forty等也常出现在考题中。如:

  1. When is the man going to leave for New York?

  A. October. B. September. C. December.

  录音原文:

  W: Are you going to leave for New York in September?

  M: No, I'm going to leave for New York the following month.

  [透视]此题答案为A。本题三个选项均为表月份的词。录音中只听到September这个关于月份的词,考生很可能受迷惑而选B。在男士的回答中有一个关键词following,这个重要信息词说明他要下一个月动身去纽约,从September算起,下一个月自然就是October了。

  地点也是测试中常出现的考点。这类题常出现两大类表示地点的名词,一是国家与城市名,如China, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, Japan, India, Beijing,New York, London, Tokyo, Washington等;二是公共场所、单位等,如cinema, theatre, hotel, restaurant, school,farm, factory, hospital, library, airport, post office等。如:

  2.Where does this conversation take place?

  A. At a bus station. B. At a hospital. C. In the office.

  录音原文:

  M: My head aches and I have a fever.

  W: Let me examine you. Have you any cold?

  [透视]此题答案为B。本题问的是对话发生在什么地方。对话中出现几个关键信息词,如head aches, fever, cold等,男士说:"我头痛发烧",女士说:"让我给你检查一下,你是不是感冒了?"可见这是大夫与病人之间的对话。按常理,此对话应发生在医院。

  考点二:听录音判断数字

  数字也是高考英语听力测试中常见考点。其内容主要包括年代、价格、电话号码,人(物)的数量或重量、距离、街道或门牌号码、航班、车次等。这类试题常用以测试考生对序数词、基数词、分数、小数、百分比、货币名称、价格的掌握情况,因此试题中常出现与数字有关的常用词,如couple, dozen, score, twice, daily, monthly,half past..., in 2001以及fifty, fifteen之类的读音干扰等。如:

  3. What's the weight of the woman's cat?

  A. 3 pounds. B. 2 punds. C. 1.5 pounds.

  录音原文:

  M: My cat is very fat. It's 3 pounds.

  W: Mine is not so fat as yours. It's only half of that of yours.

  [透视]此题答案为C。题目问的是女士的猫的重量。录音中有关键词3 pounds,指男士的猫的重量。从女士说她的猫"is not so fat as yours"可判断她的猫比男士的轻,接着又准确给出half of that of yours,就能很轻松地得出3的一半等于1.5,即女士的猫的重量。

  考点三:听录音判断人物及其关系

  这类题目主要考查考生通过听录音判断对话者的职业或身份,以及对话者之间的关系,如医生与病人(doctor and patient),教师和学生(teacher and student),老板和秘书(boss and secretary),父亲(母亲)与儿子(女儿)(father/mother and son/daughter),服务员与顾客(waiter and customer)等。这种关系往往不能通过录音听到,而是在录音中提供一些情节或关键词,让考生去分析、推理得出正确答案。如:

  4. What's the relationship between the two speakers?

  A. Boss and secretary. B.Teacher and student.

  C. Father and son.

  录音原文:

  M: Type it out and make 100 copies for me. I'll go to Beijing with them for business.

  W: Certainly, Sir. I'll finish it as soon as I can.

  [透视]此题答案为A。根据录音中出现的type,copy,business等关键词,以及从男士的命令式口气中,可以判断出两人是老板和秘书的关系。

  考点四:听录音判断方案与实施

  通过听录音要求考生判断对话者一方、双方或其他人的方案与实施情况,是高考听力测试常涉及的考点。这类题目的特点是涉及面广,信息量大。但一般不须推理,只要听清、听准其细节,就能选出正确答案。如一段对话出现go shopping in the morning, have lunch at home, go for an outing in the afternoon, watch TV in the evening等。针对这类情况,其问题常是某人打算做什么或先做什么、后做什么或在什么时间、地点做什么。因此考生在听录音时要注意动作发生的时间顺序及动作之间有无必然联系。有时对话中出现一连串动作如sit down, open your mouth, say"ah"等,则可根据三个动作关系判断这是在医院看病。如:

  5.What is Tom going to do before he goes to the shop?

  A.To have class at 3:00. B. To borrow some books.

  C.To visit his friend.

  录音原文:

  W: Tom, are you going straight home after school today?

  M: No, I still have class till 3:00, and then I'll go to the library to pick up a few books and do some shopping before I go home.

  [透视]此题答案是B。录音中女士问汤姆放学后是否直接回家。汤姆回答"不"。接着便谈他的打算:①去图书馆;②去购物。问题问的是汤姆去商店之前打算做什么,B项为去借书,而借书应当是到图书馆,故选B。

  考点五:听录音推理判断

  听录音推理判断主要安排在第二节"较长的对话或独白"中,因为高考听力测试不但要求考生能听懂简短对话,而且也要听懂较长对话。对话越长,涉及的信息就越多,因而对考生的要求就越高。在较长对话中,较多情况下,说话者通常都不直接说出自己的观点,而常用委婉甚至有意用拐弯抹角的方式间接作答,这样就能较有效地测试考生从较长对话中捕捉有用信息,并运用所听信息进行分析、推理、判断。如:

  6.听下面一段对话,回答①-③小题。

  ①When will the plane take off?

  A. At 7:35. B. At 9:35. C. At 10:35.

  ②How long does it take to get to London by air?

  A. Two hours.

  B. Three hours.

  C. Two hours and a half.

  ③Who wants to leave for London?

  A. The man. B. The woman.

  C. Nobody.

  录音原文:

  M: Excuse me. Is there any direct plane to London from here?

  W: Yes. There is one on Sunday,Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

  M: When does it leave on Wednesday?

  W: At 7:35 in the morning.

  M: And when will it arrive?

  W: At 10:35.

  M: OK. Thanks.

  W: Not at all.

  [透视]答案分别为A,B,A。本段对话谈论关于飞往伦敦的航班起飞和降落等情况。第一问问起飞,只要听清楚At 7:35 in the morning,便可直接得出答案;第二问问飞行的时间,只要将起飞时间7:35与到达时间10:35进行简单运算,不难得出3小时;第三问问"谁去伦敦",根据录音,男士向女士打听去伦敦的航班情况,显然是男士想去伦敦。

  考点六:听录音理解语篇

  语篇(即独白)题体裁多样,有故事、新闻报道、历史传说,议论、说明、通知、广告、信件等,听力测试题往往要求考生通过听录音:①准确获取信息、运用信息的能力;②既理解具体的事实也理解抽象的概念的能力;③既理解表层意思,也理解深层含义,包括作者态度、写作意图等"弦外之音"的能力;④既能根据所听到的材料内容去理解,也能结合自己应有的常识去理解的能力。另外,高考听力题材料具有新颖性和时代性,如internet、WTO等信息都可能涉及。如:

  7.听下面一段独白,回答①-③小题。

  ①Why did the old man stop his car?

  A. Because his car broke down.

  B. Because his car was hit in the back.

  C. Because the traffic lights turned red.

  ②Who were in the police car?

  A. Two policemen.

  B. Two young women.

  C. An old man and a young man.

  ③How did the policemen feel when they saw the old man was all right?

  A. Worried and sad.

  B. Surprised and pleased.

  C. Nervous and sorry.

  录音原文:

  The traffic lights were red, so the old man stopped his car and waited for them to change to green. While he was waiting, a police car came up behind him and ran into the back of his car.

  There were two policemen in the car,and they were very surprised and happy when the old man got out of his car and walked towards them without any trouble after such an accident. The old man came up to the door of the police car, smiled kindly and said, "Tell me,young men,how would you stop this car when the traffic lights are red,and I'm not here?"

  [透视]这三题的答案分别为C,A,B。本文为一段幽默故事,描写在行车途中,一位老人因红灯亮而停车待行。此时一辆坐有两名年轻警察的警车撞上老人的车尾。第①题问老人为什么要停车,从录音中得知长者因红灯亮而停车;第②题问警车中是谁,属细节解答题,录音中有"There were two policemen in the car"一句,便可知答案为A;第③题问当警察得知长者安然无恙时,他们是何种心情。这是一道推理性测试题。按常理,警车撞了长者的车,此时他们十分担心有人受伤,当看见老人平安无事地从车里走出来时,他们一定有一种"又惊又喜"的心理,故选B。

  (文/范双武;英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第29期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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