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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 中学英语课外学习辅导:动词不定式考点探究

中学英语课外学习辅导:动词不定式考点探究
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/03/30 20:59  英语辅导报

  动词不定式向来是各省?市中考命题的高频知识点之一?纵观近年全国部分省市的中考试题,不难发现中考对这一知识点的考查主要集中在以下八个方面:

  一、考查动词不定式的基本构成

  [试题精选]

  1. My mother often asks me________early. (2003年北京)

  A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up

  2. The teacher told her students______in public. (2003年黑龙江)

  A. not to shout B. didn't shout C. not shout D. to not shout

  [答案] 1. D 2. A

  [考点分析]动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,不受人称和数的变化限制,它由"不定式符号(to)+动词原形"构成。其否定式常在to前加not或never构成,句型ask/tell sb. not to do sth.是中考命题的热点。

  二、考查动词不定式作主语

  [试题精选]

  1.________is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肃省)

  A. This B. It C. That D. Its

  2. It's nice________you________me with my maths. (2002年深圳市)

  A. for; to help B. for; helping

  C. of; to help D. of; helping

  [答案] 1. B 2. C

  [考点分析]动词不定式作主语时,常用it作为形式主语,而将不定式后置。如要说明动词不定式的动作的执行者,可在不定式前加一个介词for引导的短语;但如果表语是kind, nice, clever等描述动作执行者的性格。品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个of引导的短语,而不可用for引导的短语。

  三、考查动词不定式作宾语

  [试题精选]

  1. They decided________at the end of this month. (2002年济南市)

  A. to leave B. going

  C. travel D. not start out

  2. All of us found________difficult to work out the maths problem.

  A. what B. that C. which D. it

  3. Please stop________a rest if you feel tired. (2002年南宁市)

  A. to have B. having

  C. have D. has

  [答案] 1-3 ADA

  [考点分析]一些动词,如decide, hope, ask等,常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,其句型结构为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)?特别是,有些动词(短语)后面可接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同,对此,应该弄清楚它们的区别。常见的这类动词(短语)有:①remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记要做某事;remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘记曾做过某事?②stop to do sth.停下来(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。③go on to do sth.做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;go on doing sth.继续做某事。

  四、考查动词不定式作定语

  [试题精选]

  1. There's enough bird food________for a month. (2001年山西省)

  A. to last B. last C. lasts D. lasted

  2. She has no paper________. (2001年重庆市)

  A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on

  [答案] 1. A 2. D

  [考点分析]动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语,常用于"have+某事+to do"或"enough+名词+to do"结构中。

  五、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语

  [试题精选]

  1. Mother asked me________some fruit after supper. (2003年新疆生产建设兵团)

  A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy

  2. Let him________a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年济南市)

  A. have B. gets C. to take D. has

  3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children________in the room. (2003年桂林市)

  A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed

  4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang's home just now.

   -Yes, she is often seen________the old man with his housework. (2003年呼和浩特市)

  A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped

  [答案] 1-4 DABB

  [考点分析]有些动词,如teach, want, tell等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即构成teach/want/tell sb. to do sth.结构。但是,动词不定式作使役动词及感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to。这些动词可归纳为"一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, have和make),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。";在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无。

  注意:以上省略to的动词不定式,在被动语态中都必须加上to,但let不能用于被动语态。

  六、考查动词不定式作状语

  [试题精选]

  1. Yesterday morning I got up early

  ________be late for the exam. (2002年上海市)

  A. in order to B. in order to not

  C. so as not to D. so as to

  2. Let's________so as not________late for the meeting.

  A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be

  C. hurry, to be D. hurry, be

  [答案] 1. C 2. C

  [考点分析]动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,也可以表示结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前面加in order或so as。如果不定式为否定形式,要用in order not to...或so as not to...。

  七、考查"连接代(副)词+动词不定式"结构的用法

  [试题精选]

  1. There's no difference between the two words. I really don't know________. (2003年河南)

  A. what to choose B. which to choose

  C. to choose which D. to choose what

  2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two haven't decided________. (2003年广东省)

  A. what to buy B. how to go

  C. where to go D. which to choose

  3.________the computer is a problem.

  A. How to use B. What to use

  C. Which to use D. Where to use

  [答案] 1-3 BCA

  [考点分析]在英语中有些动词,如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接"疑问代(副)词+动词不定式"作宾语,以此对宾语从句进行简化。

  注意:进行简化的条件是主句中的主语和从句的主语必须是同一人称。此外,动词不定式还可以和what, where, how, when, which等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中作主语。

  八、考查固定句式中动词不定式的用法

  [试题精选]

  1. -You look rather tired.________stop to take a rest?

   -All right. But I'll have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市)

  A. Why not B. Do you

  C. What about D. How about

  2. The TV set is too loud. Will you please________? (2002年哈尔滨市)

  A. turn down it B. turn it down

  C. to turn it down D. to turn down it

  [答案] 1-2 DB

  [考点分析]各地中考试题在固定句式中对动词不定式的考查常见的有:①had better (not) do sth.意为"最好(不)做某事"。②Why not do sth.?意为"为什么不做……。"③Will/Would you please (not) do sth.。意为"请你(不要)……好吗。"

  [巩固练习]单项选择。

  1. You'd better________your coat. It's cold outside.

  a. put on b. to put on c. putting on d. puts on

  2. We began________English five years ago.

  a. learn b. learned c. to learn d. to be learned

  3. The Frenchman didn't know______this word in Chinese.

  a. how to tell b. how say

  c. how to say d. how talk

  4. His mother made him________the floor every day.

  a. sweeps b. to sweep c. sweeping d. sweep

  5. She was heard________an English song in her room last night.

  a. sing b. sang c. to sing d. singing

  6. Peter asked me________him with his chemistry.

  a. help b. helping c. helped d. to help

  7. It is good for us________morning exercises.

  a. do b. to do c. did d. done

  8. The teacher told us________in bed.

  a. don't read b. read not

  c. to not read d. not to read

  9. It's too early. Why________a rest with us?

  a. not have b. not having

  c. not to have d. didn't have

  10. The old woman was________angry________say a word.

  a. so, that b. as, as

  c. too, to d. very, to

  参考答案:1-5 accdd 6-10 dbdac

  (文/徐阳陈松亭;英语通2004年第1期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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