[考点一]catch up with与keep up with

　　[解析]catch up with表示"赶上、追上",强调"从落后状态往前赶";keep up with表示"跟上,不落在……的后面",强调"保持同步"。如:

　　Work hard, and you'll catch up with your classmates.努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学了。

　　John can't keep up with us. Let's help him.约翰跟不上我们了,我们帮帮他吧。

　　[模拟小考场]汉译英:根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

　　1.这孩子跟不上妈妈。

　　The child couldn't________ ________ ________his mother.

　　2.休学一学期后,我必须努力用功,以赶上其他同学。

　　I had to work hard________ ________ ________ ________the others after missing a term.

　　4.我们必须跟上时代的发展。

　　We must________ ________ ________the times.

　　[考点二]in the end, at the end of与by the end of

　　[解析]

　　1)in the end意为"最后,终于",同义词为at last或finally(最后)。如:

　　In the end he got what he wanted.最后他得到了他想要的。

　　2)at the end of意为"在……尽头", "在……末尾",可指时间、地点。如:

　　His house is at the end of the street.他的房子在街的尽头。

　　3)by the end of"到……末为止",用来指时间,常用于完成时态。如:

　　We have learned 800 new words by the end of this term.到这个学期末,我们已学了800个生词。

　　[模拟小考场]根据句意选用in the end, at the end of, by the end of填空。

　　1. ________ ________ ________, John arrived at the village.

　　2. The Greens will go to England______ ________ ________ ________this year.

　　3. She had finished the work________ ________ ________ ________last week.

　　4. ________ ________ ________ ______the road you'll see the hospital.

　　[考点三]It+be+adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.

　　1)这种句型结构中It是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语?这种句型是因为主语太长,为了使句子保持平衡而将真正的主语放在句末?如:

　　It is kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了?

　　It is difficult for him to pass the examination.对他来说,通过考试是很困难的?

　　2)句型中的of和for如何选择,要根据其前面的形容词来定?如果这个形容词既表示不定式行为的性质,又与不定式的逻辑主语(sb. )有直接关系?即sb.与形容词能构成主系表(sb. +be+adj. )结构,就用of。of前常用的形容词有:good, kind, nice, clever, wise;如果不能这样就用for?for前常用的形容词有:important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible。

　　[模拟小考场]单项选择

　　1. It was nice________ you to say that.

　　A. for B. so C. at D. of

　　2. It's very kind________ him to tell me.

　　A. of B. to C. with D. for

　　3. It's useful________ me to learn how to use the computer.

　　A. at B. on C. of D. for

　　4. It's important________ us to learn English well.

　　A. with B. to C. of D. for

　　[考点四] if, whether

　　[解析]两词用作"是否"解时,用法有如下区别:

　　1)引导主语从句?宾语从句,且放在句首时,只用whether,不用if。如:

　　Whether he will come is still a question.他是否能来还是个问题。

　　Whether he has stolen the money, I can't say.他是否偷了钱,我不能说。

　　2)引导表语从句用whether,不能用if。如:

　　The question is whether we should go on with this work.问题是我们是否继续进行这项工作。

　　3)在介词之后,只能用whether,不能用if。如:

　　I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。

　　4)后接不定式时只能用whether,不能用if。如:

　　The question is whether to go or to stay.问题是去还是留。

　　5)用or表示选择概念时,用whether,不用if。如:

　　I don't know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.我不知道是他错了还是她错了。

　　[模拟小考场]根据句意选用if或whether填空。

　　1. I wonder________ it is the right size.

　　2. It depends(取决于)on________ you will agree.

　　3. I wonder________ to stay here another week.

　　4. ________ this is true or not, I can't say.

　　[考点五]find, find out与look for

　　1) find"发现,找到"强调动作的结果。如:

　　She didn't find her necklace in that room.

　　2) find out"查出,发现"是经过一番询问?打听或推敲而搞清楚,弄明白。如:

　　Could you find out who took my bag?你能查出谁拿走了我的包吗?

　　3) look for"寻找"只强调动作本身,不强调结构。如:

　　He is looking for his pen.他在找他的笔。

　　[模拟小考场]用find, find out, look for填空。

　　1. Please________ when the ship leaves for Shanghai.

　　2. I________ that the shop was closed.

　　3. Read the passage to________ the answer to this question.

　　参考答案：

　　[考点一]1. keep up with 2. to catch up with 3. keep up with

　　[考点二]1. In the end 2. at the end of 3. by the end of 4. At the end of

　　[考点三]1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D

　　[考点四]1. if/whether 2. whether 3. whether 4. Whether

　　[考点五]1. find out 2. found 3. find

　　(文/范子久；英语通2004年第1期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)