反意疑问句是英语中常见的句型.前部分陈述,后部分提问,共分两类.第一类:前部分陈述如果用肯定形式,后部分则用否定形式;前部分如果用否定形式,后部分则用肯定形式.第二类:陈述部分用肯定,后一部分的提问也用肯定形式.请看--

　　一、第一类反意疑问句的结构应注意以下几种情况:

　　1.前部分的谓语是be, have, had better或情态动词时,反意部分仍用这些词.例如:

　　He can't swim, can he?

　　You had better go now, hadn't you?

　　2.前部分的谓语是行为动词时,反意部分用do的适当形式加主语.例如:

　　He doesn't like sports, does he?

　　You had breakfast at six this morning,didn't you?

　　3.前部分的谓语是there be时,反意部分用there be形式.例如:

　　-There is a radio on the table, isn't there?

　　-Yes, there is.

　　4.前句的谓语动词为have(has) to/had to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词通常用do的适当形式.例如:

　　They had to leave early, didn't they?

　　We have to get up at four tomorrow,don't we?

　　5.前句的谓语动词为used to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词可采用两种形式.例如:

　　There used to be a cinema here before the war, usedn't there/didn't there?

　　He used to live in London, usedn't he/didn't he?

　　6.前句的谓语动词是ought to时,则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtn't代替.例如:

　　He ought to be punished, oughtn't he?

　　Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?

　　但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式.例如:

　　We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go, shouldn't we?

　　7.当陈述部分有dare或need时,若dare和need为实义动词,疑问部分的谓语用do的适当形式;若dare和need为情态动词时,疑问部分用dare或need构成.例如:

　　We need to do it, don't we?

　　You daren't go there, dare you?

　　8.含有情态动词must的句子表示推测,作"想必"解时,疑问部分要根据must后面的不定式结构的动词和时态来确定,不用mustn't.

　　若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用"aren't(isn't)+主语".例如:

　　You must be tired, aren't you?

　　注意:若陈述部分的must表示"有必要"时,附加疑问句部分则用needn't.例如:

　　You must go home right now, needn't you?

　　当mustn't表示"禁止"时,附加疑问部分一般用must.例如:

　　You mustn't walk on grass,must you?

　　前句谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用

　　"didn't+主语";若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用"haven't (hasn't)+主语".例如:

　　He must have met her yesterday, didn't he?

　　You must have seen the film,haven't you?

　　9.陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构.例如:

　　He is unfit for his office, isn't he?

　　10.如果陈述部分含有no, never, hardly,seldom, few, nowhere, nothing, scarcely, rarely等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式.例如:

　　He is hardly 14 years old, is he?

　　11.如果陈述部分的主语为nobody,everybody, somebody, anybody, no one, everyone, someone, anyone等不定代词时,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they,因而疑问部分的主语动词也可用复数形式.例如:

　　No one was hurt, were they?

　　Everyone knows their job, don't they?

　　Everyone knows his job, doesn't he?

　　12.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that等词时,疑问部分的主语在形式上与前者不同,但在逻辑上却与前者一致.例如:

　　This is very important, isn't it?

　　13.陈述部分是I'm...结构,疑问部分一般用aren't I.例如:

　　I'm late, aren't I?

　　14.陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用one,在非正式的场合用you.例如:

　　One can't be too careful, can one(you)?

　　15.陈述部分如果是"I don't think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine...)+宾语从句"时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应和宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并且要用肯定形式.例如:

　　I don't think he can finish the work, can he?

　　I don't believe she knows it, does she?

　　注:①若复合句的主语是第一人称,为肯定式时,以及I'm sure+从句时,疑问部分的主谓语应与从句保持一致.例如:

　　I expect you'd rather be at home right now, wouldn't you?

　　I'm sure the Olympic Games to be held in 2008 in Beijing will be a success, won't they?

　　②若复合句中的主句的主语不是第一人称,而是第二、三人称时,此时疑问部分的主、谓语与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　You don't think he is a doctor, do you?

　　She didn't think I could work it out, did she?

　　You always think that others misunderstand you, don't you?

　　16.感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时.例如:

　　How cool the weather is, isn't it?

　　What a lovely day, isn't it?

　　17.陈述部分是含有主语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分的主、谓语应与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　Whether we'll hold the sports meet depends on the weather, doesn't it?

　　It is necessary that we learn English well, isn't it?

　　18.陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分的主、谓语应与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　He said he was sorry, didn't he?

　　19.陈述部分是含有定语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分的主、谓语应与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　A shop is a place where you can buy everything, isn't it?

　　20.陈述部分是含有状语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分的主、谓语应与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　If you don't study hard, you'll regret it, won't you?

　　21.陈述部分含有强调句型及类似结构,疑问部分的主、谓语应与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　It is the first time that you have come to China, isn't it?

　　It was in the rice fields that we had our League meeting, wasn't it?

　　It seemed that he was a lawyer, didn't it?

　　22.陈述部分是含有同位语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分的主、谓语应与主句的主、谓语保持一致.例如:

　　The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, didn't it?

　　二、第二类就是陈述部分用肯定,后一部分的提问也用肯定形式.其用法有三种情况:

　　1.祈使句的反意疑问句一般用肯定式,表示客气.例如:

　　Let's go there, shall we?

　　Have a cup of tea, will you?

　　2.有时用这种结构表示讥讽、感叹等.例如:

　　So that's your little trick,is it?

　　3.表示怀疑,请对方加以证实.例如:

　　Your bike is outside,is it?

　　(文/高元强《英语通》高二版2004年第1期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)