在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句(Subjective Clause).主语从句是一种重要的名词性从句,在高考试题中频频出现.那么高考对它考查的重点是什么?

　　I.由what等连词引导的从句

　　在主语从句中, what = the thing(s) that,它本身在从句中充当某个成分,或是主语,或是宾语,其含义为"所做/说/想的".

　　[考题点击]

　　1. _______ you have done might do harm to other people.(MET ' 87)

　　A. That B. What C. Whether D. How

　　2. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(NMET'93)

　　A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter

　　3. _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have. (NMET ' 96)

　　A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

　　II.由that引导的主语从句

　　that在主语从句中不充当具体的句子成分,也无实际词义,只起连接作用,而且当它在句首时,不能省略.

　　[考题点击]

　　4. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey. (MET 1992)

　　A. while B. that C. if D. for

　　5. _______ you don't like him is none of my business. (上海1992)

　　A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether

　　III.由whether或if引导的主语从句

　　whether与if皆可引导主语从句,但放在句首常用whether.

　　[考题点击]

　　6. _______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(MET ' 92)

　　A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That

　　7. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET ' 96)

　　A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

　　IV.由whoever, whatever等引导的主语从句

　　whoever = the person who或anyone who.who也可以引导主语从句,但只表示"谁",如:Who will win is not important.

　　anyone与the person皆不能引导从句.

　　[考题点击]

　　8. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET ' 88)

　　A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

　　9. It is generally considered unwise to get a child _______ he or she wants. (NMET ' 97)

　　A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

　　V.由it作形式主语引起的主语从句

　　that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把that引导的主语从句放到句后.在下列情况下,一般使用形式主语it,将主语从句放在句尾.

　　1)谓语是seem, appear, be (im)possible, be a pity, be a wonder, be likely等.如:

　　It seemed certain that this would win the prize.

　　It appeared that he was right.

　　2)在It is known... ; It is said... ; It is hoped... ; It is believed...等句型中.如:

　　It is said that our school football team won.

　　3)主语从句也可以用it作形式主语,以wh-连接的句子作真实主语,放到句子后面.如:

　　It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.

　　It doesn't matter what you say.

　　[考题点击]

　　10. Does _______ matter if he can't finish the job on time ?(MET ' 91)

　　A. this B. that C. he D. it

　　11. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET ' 95)

　　A. There B. This C. That D. It

　　注意:1)有时在"It is necessary(important, suggested等)+ that从句"结构中, that从句常用"should +动词原形"形式来表示虚拟语气,其中should常可省去.

　　[考题点击]

　　12. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.(1993上海)

　　A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

　　2)在此结构中,要注意句子结构的变化.如NMET 2001年的一道高考题:

　　_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　A. It B. As C. That D. What

　　该题很多同学误选了A或C,其原因是没有注意到题中逗号的作用.其实,句中逗号已暗示了该句绝非主语从句,而是as引导的非限制性定语从句, as代表整个主句内容.

　　Key:1-5 BAABC 6-10 CBCBD 11-12 DB

　　(文/伊传杰《英语通》高二版2004年第2期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)