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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 《新概念英语经典课堂》 > Lesson 3 Please send me a card

Lesson 3 Please send me a card
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/01 15:01  中国人民大学出版社

  PartOne-Language Points

  Notes to the text :

  1.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.一位友好的服务员交我几句意大利语.

  A few几个、一些

  A few后接可数名词单数表示肯定的观念

  We have a few words to say about this matter.

  对这件事情我们有些话要说。

  拓展搭配:a few和few

  a few表示肯定,few表示否定,两者都可以作主语、宾语、定语等

  A few of them know Spanish .他们当中有几个人懂西班牙语。

  He made few mistakes in the exam.他在考试中的错误很少。

  2. I thought about postcards.我考虑着明信片的事情。

  think about考虑

  think与汉语"想"不同,它不能直接后接名词作宾语,而要借助介词。汉语说"想问题",英语是think about a question;汉语说"想你",英语是think of you .但think后面加句子时不需要介词,如:I think he will come soon.学习单词时要注意英汉的不同之处。

  He has been thinking about it for a long time, but still can't make up his mind.

  这事情他已经考虑了好久,但仍然下不了决心。

  3.On the last day I made a big decision.最后一天我下了很大的决心。

  1).on the last day最后一天晚上

  这里的last不是"上一个"的意思,而是指(一个系列中的)"最后一个",前面一般有定冠词,且要加上合适的介词

  In the last week of the holiday a strange thing happened.

  在假日的最后一个星期发生了一件怪事。

  拓展搭配:last, latest两个都是late的最高级形式,都有"在其他之后"的意思,latest通常指"当前的"、"最近的"。

  Have you heard the latest about that accident?

  你听说有关这件事件的最新消息吗?

  This is the latest edition of the dictionary.

  这本词典是最新的版本。

  Last的基本意思是"已经过去的最后一个",如果说话时是星期四,last Tuesday就是指同一星期的星期二,last Friday就是指上个星期五;此外,last还可以表示"最后的"、"终极的"等,与latest相比,last强调"后无继的",latest强调"最近的"

  She said in his last letter that she was satisfied with her latest boy friend.

  她在上一封信中说,她对最新的男朋友很满意。

  2).make a big decision下大决心

  拓展搭配:make和take是两个搭配能力很强的动词,后接名词可组成许多不同的词组,但make和take不可互换使用,而分别与一定的名词搭配

  make a living, make contract with, make an effort, take after, take breath, take down等

  This little poor girl is making a living by selling newspaper.

  这个贫穷的小女孩靠卖报谋生。

  We made contract with each other by radio.

  我们用无线电保持联络。

  He can pass the exam if he makes an effort.

  如果他能努力一下就能通过考试。

  His son takes after him.

  他儿子长的像他。

  After a long training, she stopped to take breath.

  在一段长时间的训练后,她停下来休息了一会。

  He took down everything that his teacher had written in the blackboard.

  他把老师写在黑板上的东西都抄了下来。

  4.I spent the whole day in my room.我在屋里呆了一整天。

  spend vt. & vi.花费、耗尽

  1).当spend为不及物动词时,经常要与介词in\on连用

  I spent lots of time in typing this letter.

  我花了很多时间在打印这封信上。

  He wouldn't spend a penny on this matter.

  在这件事情上他不会花一分钱。

  speed in后通常接动名词,in也可以省略;而speed on后通常接名词或代词。

  2)当spend为及物动词时,无被动语态

  Candles spend fast in draught.

  风中之烛点的快。

  3)spending n.经费、开销

  拓展搭配:spend……in……和it takes……to do……

  两者都表示"花费……做某事"

  前者在构成句子时,主语为人;后者在构成句子时,主语为形式主语"it"。

  I usually spent two hours in writing.

  我通常花两个小时练字。

  It took me twenty minutes to walk there.

  走到那里花了我20分钟。

  usually是指"通常、平常",表示习惯动作,偶尔有间隙。

  I usually go to school at 7:30.

  我平常7:30到学校。

  异同辨析:

  1: spoil vt.糟蹋,宠坏,溺爱(侧重于被损坏的事物失去原有的完美性而不如以前)

  damage vt.破坏,损害(侧重于被损坏的事物的使用价值降低,但不完全毁掉)

  destroy vt.破坏,摧毁(强调被破坏的事物彻底地损坏)

  1)We must kill the insects that spoil the fruit in orchards.我们必须杀死破坏果园的害虫。

  He is a spoiled child.他是一个被溺爱的孩子。

  2) If you steal his money,your reputation will be damaged.如果你偷他的钱,你将毁掉你的名誉。

  The fruit tree has been damaged.这棵果树已经被损坏了。

  3) The building has been destroyed by the big fire.这幢大楼被大火彻底烧毁了。

  My dream has been destroyed.我的梦想彻底粉碎了。

  2.whole adv.全部的,完整的(只修饰可数名词)

  all adv.所有的,一切的(有全体的意思,修饰可数及不可数名词)

  total adv.总的,全体的(指总额,一般计算钱等时候用)

  1) I will spend my whole summer holiday in Hongkong.我将在香港度过我整个暑假。

  It snowed three whole days.雪下了整整三天了。

  2) All of us must obey the traffic rule.所有人都应该遵守交通法规。

  Mariah Carey最著名的歌曲《My all》中唱到:

  I give my all to have,just one more night with you..

  我付出我的一切,只希望能与你再度过一晚。

  3) What is the total cost of these fruits?这些水果总共多少钱?

  The total amount of the apples is 3 kilos.这些苹果总共三公斤。

  GRAMMAR:

  直接宾语和间接宾语

  直接宾语(Direct Object)

  直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果。

  She took some pictures of GuiLin.

  及物动词后面通常都跟有一个直接宾语,某些相当于及物动词的成语动词也可跟一个直接宾语:

  She is looking forward to this day.

  她盼望着这一天。

  They will take good care of these children.

  他们会好好照顾这些孩子的。

  间接宾语(Indirect Object)

  间接宾语可表示动作是对谁做的,也可表示为谁做的。

  Please show me your ticket.

  请把票给我看一下。

  1.间接宾语可以改成由to或for引起的短语,但表示上没什么大的区别:

  Mother has made a coat for me.

  妈妈为我做了一件大衣。

  Shanghai Charity Foundation has granted a lot of money to the children living in the distance area.

  上海慈善基金会给偏远地区的孩子一大笔钱。

  2.在一些情况下用to或for引起的短语比用直接宾语好:

  (1).当对间接宾语加以强调时

  You'd better hand the work to the professor directly.

  你最好直接把作业交给教授。

  (2).当间接宾语比直接宾语长时:

  We will give our help to our friends.

  我们将为我们的朋友提供帮助。

  (3)当直接宾语是一个人称代词时

  I'll give it to you the day after tomorrow.

  我后天把它给你。

  (4).当间接宾语的位置在一个特殊问句、强调间接宾语的陈述句或定语从句的开头时:

  It is for the motherland that the solders fighter to the end.

  为了祖国战士们战斗到底。

  2.间接宾语只在某些动词后,常见的有:

  (1).give , offer, show, pass, lend等

  Please pass me the pen.

  请把钢笔递给我。

  (2).make do get find order等

  Someone found the boy play the ball near the school.

  有人发现那男孩在学校附近踢球。

  They asked him to sing a song in French.

  他们要他用法语唱一首歌。

  3.间接宾语通常是和直接宾语在一起用,但在cost, last等动词后间接宾语可以单独使用:

  This computer costs me 5000 yuan.

  这个电脑花了我5000元。

  The hat can last you about 5 years.

  这个帽子能够你用5年。

  Part two-Language Practice

  Key to the exercises:

  I.关键句型练习答案:

  B went...visited...sat...taught...lent...read...did not understand...thought...passed...did not send...

  made...got up...bought...spent...did not write

  C died...left...spent...bought...went...stayed...listened...lent...kept...lost

  II.难点练习答案:

  1. He paid some money to the shopkeeper.

  2. He handed the prize to me.

  3. The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.

  4. He sold me all his books.

  5. The shop assistant found some curtain material.

  6. He did a big favour for me.

  7. She showed her new hat to her husband.

  8. She promised the finder a reward.

  9. He gave some advice to his son.

  10.His uncle left some money to him.

  11.He is teaching us english.

  12.I bought you this bunch of flowers.

  13.Bring me that book please.

  14.He offered a cigarette to me.

  15.Read the first paragraph to me.

  16.I've ordered you some soup.

  17.I owe a lot of money to him.

  18.Pass your father the mustard.

  III.多项选择题答案:

  1.c

  2.a

  3.c表示在某个国家用in;在具体的某个时间用on

  4.a疑问词who指代the waiter ,故选a

  5.d in a ...way:以...的方式;in a friendly way:以很友好的方式

  6.b过去时,动词read的过去分词为read

  7.c all day表示全天;all night表示一整夜

  8.c四个单词的意思分别为:公共花园,商店,餐厅,私人住宅;显然选c

  9.b lend sb.sth借给某人某物eg:I lend my boyfriend a pencil.我借给我男朋友一支笔。

  borrow sth. from sb.问某人借某物

  以前一句话为例:My boyfriend borrowed a pencil from me.我男朋友借了我一支笔。

  10.a final有最后的意思;end侧重于结束;bottom底部的意思

  11. b made up one's mind意思是下定决心;change one's mind为改变主意

  12. b single解释单一的,故选b




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