独立结构是历届CET考试常考的语法项目,但很多学生对其不能正确认识?主要问题在于搞不清该结构与动名词复合结构的区别?针对这一情况,本文通过实例讲解,对独立结构进行一下简单介绍?

　　一独立结构的概念

　　1. The work (being) done,we felt relieved.

　　此句状语部分中名词the work和分词done之间具有逻辑主谓关系?

　　2. Kate looked at him,tears streaming down her face.

　　此句状语部分名词tears和现在分词短语streaming down二者之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系?

　　3. With Tom helping,we moved the luggage at night to our own house.

　　此句状语部分名词Tom与分词helping之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系?

　　以上三个例句的状语部分在语法上就叫做"独立结构",该结构有三个明显的特征:第一,它有自己的逻辑主语;第二,它在句中作状语;第三,常有一逗号将它与含有主谓部分的句子隔开?人们将独立结构又称作独立主格结构,是因为该结构中充当逻辑主语的名词或代词必须采用主格形式,而非所有格形式?

　　二独立结构的分类

　　独立结构的逻辑谓语是动词的非限定形式和being(或省略)加介词短语?副词或名词构成的系表结构?依据其逻辑谓语的不同,我们可以将独立结构进行以下分类:

　　1.现在分词

　　She is staring straight ahead,her muscles contracting slightly.

　　2.过去分词

　　These obstacles removed, we proceeded with energy.

　　3.不定式

　　I'll send you half of the money this time, the rest to follow next time.

　　4.介词短语

　　Peter was sitting near the fire,his back towards the door.

　　5.形容词

　　The inn keeper's wife, her feet bare, her hair untidy, her blouse dirty, came herself to meet her guest.

　　6.副词

　　The crying over,I ached.

　　7.名词

　　Mr. Johnson being the headmaster,we will have a hard time.

　　8. with +宾语+现在分词,表示主动意义(正在进行或发生)

　　with +宾语+过去分词,表示被动意义(已经完成)

　　1) The old beggar sat at the corner,with tears welling up in his eyes. (with +宾语+现在分词)

　　2) They wear layers of clothes even in the summer, with newspapers stuffed between the layers.(with +宾语+过去分词)

　　3) Following them to the attic, he found a wounded soldier,with a rifle at his side.(with +名词+介词短语)

　　三独立结构的用法

　　1.作时间状语

　　1) The shower being over, I continued my way.

　　2) All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.

　　2.作原因状语

　　1) Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.

　　2) That being the case, we'd better make another plan.

　　3.作条件状语

　　1) Weather permitting, I shall go there.

　　2) Everything(being) taken into consideration, her plan seems more workable.

　　4.作伴随状语

　　He returned three days later, his face(being) covered with mud and his clothes (being) torn into pieces.

　　5.作同位语

　　1) There are two doors, one leading to the living room, the other to the kitchen.

　　2) Well,that is just our way, exactly-one half of the administration always busy getting the family into trouble, the other half busy getting it out again.

　　6.作主语

　　My two elder sisters having now charge of things in the house makes it much easier for my mother.

　　(文/南京师范大学董晓波；英语辅导报大学二年级版03～04学年第23期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)