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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 英语辅导:“It be ... +从句”句型之探析

英语辅导:“It be ... +从句”句型之探析
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/19 23:24  英语辅导报

  在英语学习中,"It be...+从句"的句型被广泛使用,归纳起来主要有以下八种用法(部分例句选自大学英语教材):

  一、It be+...who/that(强调句)

  句型结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+关系子句。被强调部分可为:主语、宾语、状语(表示时间或地点)等。例如:

  I met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.

  A.It was I who/that met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.(强调人称主语时,用who比that更规范,后者较口语化。)

  B.It was an old friend of mine whom/that I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语时,关系代词用whom,用that也可以,但较口语化。)

  C.It was in the street that I met an old friend of mine yesterday.(强调地点状语。)

  D.It was yesterday that I met an old friend of mine in the street.(强调时间状语)

  另外,原句中有not...until否定结构时,强调句为:It is/was not until...that...例如:

  Mr. Williams didn't know anything about it until I told him.

  强调状语部分,可以改写为:

  It was not until I told him that Mr.Williams knew anything about it.(注意:否定词not提到前面后,关系子句中要还原肯定的意思。)

  二、It be...+since...

  在该句型中,since引导的从句动词可以用过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时。be动词可以是:is/was/has been。例如:

  It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time.

  It was long since I had last seen her.

  It's many years since we first met.

  三、It be...+before...

  before一词作连词时在以下句子中有不同的意义:

  1.Look before you leap.在……之前

  2.Before I could protest,he got to his feet.不等……就

  3.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.……(之后)才

  4.It wasn't long before he told us about his story.……(不多久)就

  例3和例4中before的含义及句型常为测试重点,学习者要学会使用,并且牢固掌握。

  四、It be...+when...

  在该结构中,作为关系副词的when引导限制性定语从句。例如:

  1.It was about half past eleven when it happened.

  2.It was not until about 1600BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.

  五、It is not+that...,but+(that)...

  It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors,but(that) we have,with the passage of time,invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

  句中that作连词,意思相当于be- cause。又如:

  It was not a question now how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month,but whether I had enough to pay the bill.

  此句中not...but意为"不是……而是"。but前后连接的从句,即:how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month和whether I had enough to pay the bill是真正意义上的主语。

  六、It be+形容词/过去分词/名词+由that引导的主语从句

  此类句型学生比较熟悉。例如:

  It is now thought that...(=Now people thought that...)

  It has been found that...(=People have found that...)

  括号前的句型往往比括号中的句型更地道,需要中国学生学习掌握。

  七、It be+形容词/过去分词+由that以外的连接词引导的主语从句

  该句型中it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的从句。例如:

  1.It is not known whether agreements have been reached at the meeting.

  2.It was not reported how many people was injured in the traffic accident.

  3.It hasn't been discovered what kind of virus causes the disease.

  在以上例句中,为避免头重脚轻,主语从句放在后面。

  八、It be true that...,but...

  该句型也可以简写为:"True that...,but...",其意义等同于:"Although it be true..."。例如:

  1.It's true that we don't agree on many things,but we have remained faithful friends.(=Although it's true that we don't agree on many things,we have remained faithful friends.)

  2.It's true that we have made great success,but we mustn't be conceited.(=Although it's true that we have made great success,we mustn't be conceited.)

  注意:It's true that...经常和连词but连用。

  以上是笔者对"It be...+从句"之句型的归纳。如果学习者能用心总结所学知识,使其系统化,并进行逻辑记忆,往往会取得事半功倍的效果。

  (文/白云红;英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第20期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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