初中英语课外学习辅导篇:动脑动笔巧写作 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/23 21:38 英语辅导报 |
同学们,你们的课余生活一定也十分丰富多彩,动动笔,用英文记录一下自己青春的精彩片段吧! 1.写作话题:sports (1)Team games(football, basketball, volleyball, etc.) (2)Games of two or four(table tennis, tennis, golf, etc.) (3)Racing(running, swimming, etc.) (4)International sports events(Olympic Games, World Cup, Football League, etc.) (5)Spectators(观众) and fans (6)Physical exercises 2.创新写作 (1)设问导写: Question One What sports are you interested in? Answer:Football. Question Two Are you a spectator or a player? Answer:I'm a player. I'm the goal keeper. (2)写作范例: Relay Race Look! The runners were getting ready for it. They were standing at the starting line. They all set out as soon as the gun was fired. The other students began to shout, "Come on, come on.... "On the first lap, they were neck and neck. At the end of each lap, they had to pass on their sticks to other runners. On the second lap, John from Class 2 fell down. His team was far behind. At the end of the third lap, Class 3 dropped their stick, so they fell behind, too. The runners from Class 1 and Class 4 were keeping up with each other. During the last 50 metres, Tom from Class 1 tried his best and began to catch up with Jim from Class 4. At the last moment Tom was the first that passed the finishing line. Congratulations! Class 1. You were the winner. 【评析】 接力比赛不仅要求速度要快,更要求默契的配合。瞧!这些正在参加接力赛的运动员们有的因为摔倒,有的因为掉棒,而有的因为速度纷纷落后。最后的胜利总是属于那些实力强而又配合默契的运动员们。 3.写作训练 (1)请你以My favourite sport为题目,写一篇你参加体育运动的短文,词数在80左右。 4.写作指导 英语的写作也像汉语写作一样要解决写作步骤的问题。就像一个人的思路,如果思路清晰、有条理,做起事来才能有条不紊。掌握了科学的写作步骤,是写出高质量的英语习作的必要条件。 第一步,审题。无论写什么样的文章都不能离开文章的主题。主题是文章所要表达的中心,是文章的灵魂主宰。如果审不清主题,就有可能出现"下笔千言,离题万里"的情况。例如:"My favourite sport"这篇文章,中心字眼是favourite(最喜爱的)。首先圈定大范围是sport(运动),关键还在于favourite(最喜爱的)。如果只把所有的运动罗列一遍,就不能说是"最喜爱的",当然就不切题了。 在审清主题的基础上,同学们还需注意要审清文体。初中阶段要求写作的文体并不复杂,一般有两种:①陈述体。即叙述、记叙一件事,或描述一件物体。②对话体。即通过一定的情景,模拟二者(通常是两人)对话的内容。只有把文体审清,才能保证写作的大方向不会错。 第二步,选材。审完题之后,就应该着手选材了。主题是文章的宗旨,材料必须为主题服务。主题必须统领材料,二者是密不可分、相辅相成的关系。既然要选材,就必须有充足的备选材料。只有平时多观察、多学习、多积累,才能保证材料充分、详实。在具备充足的材料的基础上,要学会去粗取精,去伪存真。还要分清材料的主次与详略,做到详略得当。 第三步,列提纲。写文章之前列个提纲是个非常好的写作习惯。列提纲可以使杂乱无章的材料变得井然有序;列提纲可以使你紧扣主题不跑题;列提纲还可以节约你的时间,提高写作效率。 列提纲时不必过于详细,可以根据题目要求,考虑你的文章分几段,或者分几个层次,每段的大意是什么,计划好文章的整体结构。提纲有时可以是短语或词组,做到自己明白即可。 第四步,动笔。写作时一定要切题,抓住要点。题目要求的内容一定要写进去,以保证内容的完整。对于与要求无关的内容切忌任意发挥,画蛇添足。写作时要注意语法正确、用词得当、语言地道。在写不同题材和体裁的文章时,所用的句式、时态及用词均不同。写作时要多从交流的角度考虑以上几个方面。 写作时切忌用汉译英的方式进行。不要把题目中的汉语直接译成英语,尽量用简练的、地道的英语来写。 写作时应注意连贯、流畅。尽量使用最熟悉的词句,少用复合句和长句,多用简单句、短句和主动句。 写作时应一边写一边注意人称、数、大小写、标点符号等,还要考虑用什么词语将内容连贯起来,用什么词起承上启下的作用。 第五步,检查修改。鲁迅先生说过:"好文章是改出来的。"的确,要提高英语写作水平,除了准确遣词造句、严谨布局外,文章的修改也是很重要的一步。文章写好后,要经过反复修改润色,才能措辞准确,句子流畅,因此修改文章是提高写作水平的有效方法。 写作训练参考答案: My favourite sport Football is my favourite sport. I play football with my friends when I'm free. I'm one of the players of our school team and I'm the goal keeper. Last Saturday we had a match against No.4 Middle School. During the first half we played quite well and kicked one goal in the 35th minute. The No. 4 Middle School Team wanted to catch up with us. Luckily I saved the goal and we won 1 to 0 at last. (文/张新峰;英语通2004年第3期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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