现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：

　　一、考查其构成

　　"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：

　　1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ?

　　　A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she

　　析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。

　　2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)

　　His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.

　　析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。

　　3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai.

　　　-So ______her parents.

　　　A. has B. had C. did D. have

　　析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。

　　二、考查其用法与标志词

　　(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：

　　1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

　　　-______you______ your homework yet?

　　A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing

　　C. Did; finish D. Have; finished

　　2. -______ you ______anywhere before?

　　　-Yes, but I can't remember where I______

　　A. Did; surf; surfed

　　B. Have; surfed; surfed

　　C. Did; surf; have surfed

　　D. Have; surfed; have surfed

　　析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。

　　(二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。常见的转换情况参见本期第8面的相关内容。如：

　　1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.

　　A. after B. before C. since D. for

　　析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。

　　2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

　　　A. has lent B. has borrowed

　　　C. has bought D. has had

　　析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。

　　3. I______a letter from him since he left.

　　　A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard

　　　析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。

　　三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：

　　1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?

　　　-Yes, I have.

　　A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to

　　析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。

　　2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.

　　　A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been

　　　析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。

　　　四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：

　　1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)

　　　析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.

　　2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)

　　　________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.

　　　析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。

　　3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.

　　A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming

　　　析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。

　　(文/王先玲；英语辅导报初三版03--04学年度第38期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)