新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 英语通高中一年级版:你会猜测词义吗

英语通高中一年级版:你会猜测词义吗
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/06/18 09:11  英语辅导报

  近年高考的阅读理解越来越多地增加了对猜测词义的考查。猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会捕捉相关的信息,通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。常见的猜测词义的方法有如下六种:

  a. 定义解释法

  如:1. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increase thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down.

  在世界上的某些地区,每下降一公里,地下温度增加三十度。geothermal energy 指的是地球内部温度(heat inside the earth)。

  2. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.

  句子给予annealing 以明确的定义,即"退火"。

  3. It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is , it will break easily.

  从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。

  4. The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.

  定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为"牧人"。

  b. 语意推断法

  This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor, Edward Jenner, in about 1798 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination(from the word "vacca" meaning a cow).

  我们可以判断,vacca一词的意思是a cow, 所以"牛痘"称之为"vaccination"。

  c. 对比法

  She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

  but 一词表转折,因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来",因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。

  d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)

  Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred?

  possibility 是 possible 的同根名词, 据此可以判断 possibility 的意思是"可能性"。

  e. 因果法

  The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

  从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中,可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的,永久的"。

  f. 同位法

  They traveled a long way in old times, and at last got to a castle, a large building.

  同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义,即"城堡"。

  We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.

  两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。

  g. 同义说明法

  After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.

  我们可以推断出, To do this 指的是收回昂贵的仪器的成本。Get back the money spent on the equipment 与recover the money they have spent ( on the equipment) 同义。

  总之,平时我们在学习时,就要学会猜测词义。下面选了两类猜测词义的题型,请同学们根据上述方法做做看:

  A)下列句子划线部分是虚构的词,请在A,B,C,D中选出它可能的意义:

  1. A soldier must have a nomeep, just as a writer must have a pen.

  A. 一种钢笔 B. 一种工具

  C. 一种材料 D. 一种武器

  2. The writer, in his conclusion, says that these policies are impractical and the government will be forced to sagak them.

  A.禁止 B.背叛

  C.改变 D. 学习

  3. He was surprised that the visitors were janicked about the plan and there was little he could tell them that they didn't already know.

  A. 了如指掌 B. 不知底细

  C. 不感兴趣 D. 十分欣赏

  4. In an age of tenove it is difficult to imagine that at the beginning of this century there had not been anyone who had ever flown in a plane.

  A. 电子计算机 B. 遥控技术

  C. 彩色传真 D. 超音速飞机

  B) 下列句子划线部分都是最普通的英语单词,合起来的意思你不一定知道,请从上下文及单词本身词义猜出这部分的意思:

  5. At the party she found herself the only girl who was not wearing an evening dress and felt like a fish out of water.

  A. 犹豫不决 B. 自由自在

  C. 局促不安 D. 如鱼离水

  6. The orphan finally went to a friend of his grandfather's because he had no one else to turn to.

  A.无处可去 B.要求报答

  C.揭开疑团 D. 请求帮助

  7. His father will give him a thick ear if he gets home late.

  A. 狠揍一顿 B. 不由分说

  C.充耳不闻 D. 面红耳赤

  8. The young man was very excited when the chance to go to college was put in his way.

  A. 很快上路 B. 摆在面前

  C. 继续学习 D. 设置障碍

  Key:1-4 DCAD 5-8 CDAB

  (文/崔荣斌;英语通高中一年级版 03~04学年第4期; 版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




英语学习论坛】【评论】【 】【打印】【关闭
Annotation


新闻查询帮助

热 点 专 题
中国工人在阿富汗遭袭
胡锦涛出访欧亚四国
美国将移交萨达姆
第三轮六方会谈将举行
我国部分省市供电告急
河北邯郸6-3矿难瞒报
辽宁盘锦大桥垮塌事故
《后天》 孙燕姿巡演
2004欧锦赛 NBA总决赛



教育频道意见反馈留言板 电话:010-62630930-5178 欢迎批评指正

新浪简介 | About Sina | 广告服务 | 联系我们 | 招聘信息 | 网站律师 | SINA English | 会员注册 | 产品答疑

Copyright © 1996 - 2004 SINA Inc. All Rights Reserved

版权所有 新浪网
北京市通信公司提供网络带宽