I. I imagine you are not interested in politics. 我想你对政治不感兴趣。

　　【问】从本句意思来看,I imagine是不是相当于I think或I guess?它们在使用上有何区别?

　　【答】在此句中它们可以互换使用,后面都可跟宾语从句,意思是"我估计,我认为"。例如:

　　I imagine you are happy with your parents. (=I think / guess you are happy with your parents.)我认为你和你的父母在一起很快乐。

　　"I imagine+从句"这种说法比"I think+从句"要委婉一些。

　　注意:"I don't think+从句"既可改为"I imagine+否定从句",也可说成"I don't imagine+从句"的形式。例如:

　　I don't think there is going to be a heavy rain. (=I don't imagine there is going to be a heavy rain. 或I imagine there isn't going to be a heavy rain.) 我认为天不会下大雨.

　　II. We want the same rights as the white people in the city. 我们想得到和城市白人同样的权利。

　　【问】as引导的从句是不是定语从句?as在此句型中怎样使用?

　　【答】as在本句中为关系代词,引导的是限制性定语从句,修饰前面的名词rights。as作这一用法时,通常用于such...as, the same... as等句型中。在定语从句中as可用作主语、宾语和表语。从句中凡是与主语相同的成分均可省略。例如:

　　He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.他不是一个做工作半途而废的人。

　　This is the same village as you visited when you were young. 这就是你年轻时来过的村子。

　　He is not the same man as he used to be. 他和过去不一样了。

　　除了限制性定语从句外, as还可以引导非限制性定语从句,代表主句所表达的内容。意为"正如……"、"就像……"、"这一点",它引导的从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。当as在从句中作主语时,后面常接下列句型: as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is announced等。例如:

　　As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made earth satellite. 报纸上宣布说,我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

　　III. In 1963 King met President Kennedy and asked for new civil rights laws to give blacks equal rights. 在1963年金见到了肯尼迪总统,要求给黑人平等权利的新民权法案。

　　【问】不定式短语to give blacks equal rights用在这里起什么作用?

　　【答】作定语,修饰前面的new civil rights laws,进一步说明该法案的内容。又如:

　　You haven't kept your promise to write to us regularly. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。

　　The next train to arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。

　　IV. A group was formed to demand that the bus company should change its unfair practices and King was made president. 一个团体成立了,要求汽车公司改变不公平的对待,金当选为领袖。

　　【问】should 为什么不写成would? President 前为什么没有冠词?

　　【答】①这是由 demand决定的,demand后面宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即(should)+原形动词。诸如demand, suggest, order, propose, command, request, insist等动词后的宾语从句中谓语常用虚拟语气。例如:

　　I suggest that we (should) hold a class meeting to solve the problem.我建议开个班会来解决这个问题。

　　The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看一下。

　　②president前没有冠词是因为它是指"独一无二"的职位。又如:

　　Bush was elected President in 2000.布什在2000年当选为总统。

　　V. On August 28, 1963 King made a speech to thousands of black people that immediately became world-famous.在1963年8月28号,金向几千名黑人发表演说,这个演说很快驰名全世界。

　　【问】that immediately became world-famous 是不是定语从句?它的先行词是 black people吗?

　　【答】是定语从句,但它的先行词不是people,而是speech.这种用法被叫作定语从句的分隔现象。又如:

　　A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新教师教你们德语。

　　VI. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. 希望明天会变晴。

　　【问】怎么理解副词hopefully? turn out 的后面常可跟哪些词性?

　　【答】①hopefully常用于美国口语,其意同it is hoped that...,后面句子的谓语常用一般将来时。例如:

　　Hopefully our team will win the game. 希望我们队会赢得这场比赛。

　　Hopefully my father will buy me a new computer next month. 希望下个月父亲给我买台新电脑。

　　②turn out表"结果是、原来情况是",其后面可以跟形容词、副词、名词、不定式和从句。例如:

　　To my surprise, the machine turned out properly again. 使我感到奇怪的是,这台机器又运转正常了。

　　Sometimes a bad thing can turn out to be a good thing. 有时坏事可以变成好事。

　　VII. He is on the platform giving a talk, but his voice sounds slightly strange. 他在讲台上做报告,不过他的声音听起来有点奇怪。

　　【问】句中的giving a talk为什么不写成gives a talk?

　　【答】如果这样写的话,应改为and is giving, 但这样表达不地道。这里的giving a talk是现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随情况。它与并列谓语有所不同,作伴随情况的分词短语,其动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时发生的;而并列谓语动词多用来表示一前一后紧接着发生的动作。例如:

　　He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上读报纸。

　　He sat down and began to read a newspaper. 他坐了下来,开始读报纸。

　　VIII. Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but also he gets the computer to translate it into sounds. 他不仅要把答案在计算机上打出来,而且还要让计算机把答语转变成声音。

　　【问】以not only 开头的句子是否都要注意倒装?

　　【答】不.如果not only... but also连接两个主语时,就不要倒装,而且其谓语动词的单复数还常遵循就近一致的原则。例如:

　　Not only I but also my wife was hurt in the accident. 不仅我,而且我妻子也在这次事故中受了伤。

　　Not only he but also we are interested in football. 不仅他,而且我们都对足球感兴趣。

　　但如果not only 放在句首,连接的是个句子时,就要注意用倒装语序。例如:

　　Not only did I hear of the elephant but also I saw one with my own eyes. 我不仅听说过大象,而且亲眼见过大象。

　　Not only had he read the book but also he remembered what he had read. 他不但读过此书,而且还记得所读的内容。

　　(文/黄旦谷 杜钦刚； 《英语通》高二版 03~04学年度第4期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)