高考题把教材中的基础知识放在更为新颖、灵活的语境中进行考查,源于教材,又高于教材。掌握单元要点与高考考点之间的联系以及高考题的命题主旨无疑会加深我们对课文要点的理解,开阔思路,准确地学好课本内容。

　　I. Haven't you heard?

　　要点:现在完成时的否定疑问句表达说话者惊异的口吻,意为"难道你还没有……?".

　　考例:

　　1. -Who is Jerry Cooper?

　　- _______ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET'97)

　　A. Don't you meet him yet

　　B. Hadn't you met him yet

　　C. Didn't you meet him yet

　　D. Haven't you met him yet

　　分析:看到对方在会上与Jerry Cooper握过手,因此对对方所提问题感到惊异, 应用现在完成时的否定疑问句。如果选C,过去时仅仅表示过去发生了某事,并不强调对现在的影响,故D为最佳答案。

　　II. For years we've been demanding better housing and jobs.

　　要点:现在完成进行时由have/has been doing构成,和现在完成时一样,它暗示开始于过去的动作对现在所造成的影响,但更强调动作的持续性和未完成性,通常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如all day, the whole week, for three days等。

　　考例:

　　2. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

　　-I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. (NMET'98)

　　A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

　　分析:强调造成"疲劳"的原因,而且后面有时间状语all day, 因此最佳答案为C, 如果选D,现在完成时含有"活已经干完,我现在可以休息了"的意思。

　　III. As a boy, he enjoyed basketball, tennis and especially football.

　　要点:副词especially表示上下文的一种递进关系,突出强调后者,后面可出现名词、介词短语、从句等。

　　考例:

　　3. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, _______ if you don't speak the language. (NMET2000)

　　A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially

　　4. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially______Father was away in France. (NMET'94)

　　A. as B. that C. during D. if

　　分析:例3考查副词所表示的逻辑关系的区别。四个选项中,extremely意为"极其",多修饰形容词或副词;naturally意为"自然地",多说明由上面的原因自然产生的结果;basically意为"基本地",都不合题意。因此只能用especially, 突出强调后面"不会说外语"更增大了在国外的困难,答案为D。例4,从题意判断,是陈述造成母亲担忧的两种原因,因此考查的是原因状语从句的引导词。副词especially是为了突出强调后者。答案为A。

　　IV. King was put in prison, saying, "We have waited 340 years for our rights!"

　　要点:现在分词作伴随状语,表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,是对谓语动词的补充说明,表达的意思相当于"and +动词"。句子的主语与现在分词之间是逻辑主谓(主动)关系。而不定式作目的状语时,表示动作在谓语动词之后发生。

　　考例:

　　5. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (NMET'94)

　　A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

　　6. "Can't you read?" Mary said, ________ to the notice. (MET'93)

　　A. angrily pointing

　　B. and point angrily

　　C. angrily pointed

　　D. and angrily pointing

　　思路点拨:例5,"补充说"是发生在"表达对会谈的满意"的过程中,两个动作同时发生;例6,"你难道不认字"和"生气地指着通告牌"两个动作同时发生,故以上二例考查的都是现在分词作伴随状语,答案分别是C和 A。

　　V. So far as I know, you shouldn't have any problems there.

　　要点:as/so far as意为"就……的限度",as/so far as I know意为"就我所知"。

　　考例:

　　7. -How far apart do they live?

　　- _______ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood. (2003上海)

　　A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as

　　分析:由题意判断,考查"就我所知"的表达方式,答案是B。

　　VI. I know that one of the towers is on the top of a hill, but the rest of the buildings are easy to get to.

　　要点:吊尾介词在定语从句或作后置定语、状语的不定式中,如果构成谓语动词或不定式的动词是及物动词,那么动词与前面的名词或代词之间一般构成逻辑上的动宾关系;但如果构成谓语动词或不定式的是不及物动词,或及物动词已有宾语,后面就须加适当的介词,与前面的名词或代词构成逻辑介宾关系。

　　考例:

　　8. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the last person _______ . (上海'96)

　　A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to

　　分析: 考查不定式作后置定语,"把……送给某人"应为send sth. to sb.,介词to与前面的the last person构成逻辑介宾关系,答案是C;

　　VII. He is on the platform giving a talk, but his voice sounds slightly strange.

　　要点: 系动词的基本用法.look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词后可跟形容词作表语,也可跟like介词短语作表语。另外 remain, stay, keep等系动词后也可跟形容词作表语, 而seem, remain后还可跟不定式、分词等作表语.注意系动词没有被动语态。

　　考例:

　　9. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______ fresh for several days. (NMET2003)

　　A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D. have stayed

　　10. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)

　　A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen

　　导析: 例9答案是B.stay fresh表示"保持新鲜"; 例10,it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面whether引导的从句,remain是系动词,题意为"他们是否能够真的喜欢还有待于察看",表示将来的被动动作,应用不定式的被动式作表语,答案为B。

　　VIII. They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities.

　　要点:So/Neither/Nor开头的倒装句

　　"So +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语"是肯定形式的倒装句,表示前一种情况也适用于后者,表达"某人或某物也……"之意;"Neither/Nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语"是否定形式的倒装句,表示前一种否定的情况也适用于后者,表达"某人或某物也不……"之意."So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词"表示对上面出现的说法、观点等的附和或肯定,意为"某人或某物确实如此"。

　　考例:

　　11. -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

　　-I don't know, _______ (MET'91)

　　A. nor don't I care

　　B. nor do I care

　　C. I don't care neither

　　D. I don't care also

　　12. -David has made great progress recently.

　　- _______ , and _______ . (上海'97)

　　A. So he has; so you have

　　B. So he has; so have you

　　C. So has he; so have you

　　D. So has he; so you have

　　分析:例11考查的是否定形式的倒装句,nor do I care相当于and I don't care either,答案为B; 例12把两种情况混合在一起考查,前一个分句表示对上面说法的肯定,第二个分句表示前面的情况也适用于后者,答案是B。

　　(文/刘景田； 《英语通》高二版 03~04学年度第4期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)