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英语通高中三年级版:there+be 结构与高考
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/07/09 09:28  英语辅导报

  纵观历年高考试题,不难发现,几乎每年都以不同形式出现有关there+be这一结构。而这一最常用最常考的句型,考生往往最容易弄错。

  一、在there+be结构中,须谓语在前,主语在后,形成主谓倒装。there在这一结构中,仅起引导作用,本身无词义。例如:

  There are two maps on the wall.

  引导词 谓语 主语

  二、在there+be结构中,谓语动词应与其紧邻的主语保持一致。例如:

  1. In it there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. (NMET1999书面表达)

  2. In mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food and clothes.(2002 Beijing书面表达)

  3. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. (NMET 2003书面表达)

  4. But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (NMET2001改错)(key:is→are)

  5. There are six ________ in analysing a problem. (NMET 2001 完形填空)

  A. ways B. conditions

  C. stages D. orders (key:C)

  三、在there+be结构中,be有时态的变化,也可加入情态动词。例如:

  1. There is going to be a football match tonight.(将来时)

  2. There were many children in the park yesterday.(过去时)

  3. There hasn't been any rain for some days.(完成时)

  4. There must be no more time left. (情态动词)

  5. There used to be a cinema here before the war. (情态动词)

  6. There will ∧ an important game next month. (2003 Beijing改错)(key:will后加be)

  四、there+be结构的否定式。

  (一)将not加在be动词或助动词之后,作主语的名词前常常带有a/an/any。例如:

  1. There aren't any chairs in the room.

  2. There won't be a meeting tonight.

  3. There hasn't been any rain for ten days.

  (二)在主语前加no。例如:

  1. There is no smoking here.

  2. There are no books I want.

  3. There is no ________ against practising. (NMET 1999完形填空)

  A. point B. cause

  C. need D. law (key:D)

  五、在there+be结构中,谓语动词有时不用be而用seem to be(似乎),happen to be (碰巧有/碰巧是),be likely to be (可能有/可能是), appear to be (似乎/看起来),live(生活有/住着),stand(伫立/站着),come,exist(存在),rise(升起),lie(位于/有),occur(发生/有),fly(飞),remain(仍/还有/保持)等。例如:

  1. There happened to be a bad flood that year.

  2. There seems to be some misunderstanding between the two brothers.

  3. There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons.

  4. One evening there flew over the city a little swallow.

  5. There remained just twenty-eight pounds.

  六、there+be结构与have的比较。

  从结构上来讲,have前须有主语,而there+be结构的主语在谓语be 之后。

  从意义上来讲,二者都可译为"有",但have表示"所有","占有"关系,译成汉语为:"某人(物)拥有某(人)物"。而there+be结构表示"存在"关系,译为"某地(某时)有某物(某人)"。例如:

  1. Xiao Li has an English-Chinese Dictionary.

  2. There is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk.

  七、there+be的非谓语结构。

  (一)在there+be结构中,非谓语动词可作定语,相当于一个定语从句。如果被修饰对象和非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,且表示正在进行/状态,则用现在分词作定语;如是动宾关系,且表示完成,则用过去分词作定语;如表示将来发生的事情,则常用不定式主动式作定语。例如:

  1. There is a man waiting(=who is waiting) for you downstairs.

  2. There were ten people killed(=who had been killed) in the crash.

  3. There are ten soldiers to attend (=who will attend) the celebration.

  4. There are five pairs ________, but I'm at a loss which to buy. (Shanghai'99)

  A. to be chosen B. to choose from

  C. to choose D. for choosing

  (key:B)5. There was a terrible noise ________ the sudden burst of light. (MET'89)

  A. followed B. following

  C. to be followed D. being followed

  (key:B)6. Once there was a family living in a cabin under a huge tree.(2003 北京 书面表达)

  (二)there being结构作状语,表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。例如:

  1. There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.

  =As there was nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.

  2. There being nothing else to do, we went home.

  (三)there to be 结构作宾语,表示将来,相当于一个宾语从句。例如:

  1. I expect there to be no argument about it.

  =I expect that there won't be any argument about it.

  2. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?

  =Would you like that there would be a meeting to discuss the problem?

  3. You would not want there to be another war.

  =You would not want that there would be another war.

  八、there+be的习惯用法。

  1. There is no+doing

  There is no knowing/telling..."没法知道/说……"例如:

  There was no knowing how long he might be away.

  2. There is no+n.

  There is no need/necessity (for somebody) to do something."不必做……"

  There is no possibility of doing something."不可能做……"

  3. There is that. "确实的"。例如:

  -At least let's be thankful, the children are all right.

  -Yes, there is that.

  按要求做下列练习:

  I. 单项选择。

  1. I don't want there ________ any misunderstanding.

  A. was B. being C. been D. to be

  2. There ________ a big tree here when I was a child.

  A. is B. used to be

  C. used to being D. was used to

  3. There ________ no money left, I can't buy the book.

  A. being B. is C. to be D. are

  4. There ________.

  A. the bus comes B. coming the bus

  C. to come the bus D. comes the bus

  5. There has been a car ________.

  A. stealing B. to steal

  C. has been stolen D. stolen

  6. There ________ to be no one who could answer our inquiries.

  A. seeming B. seem

  C. being D. appeared

  7. Where bees are, there ________ honey.

  A. is B. are C. was D. being

  8. ________ to take a taxi.

  A. There is no necessary

  B. It's no necessity

  C. There is no necessity

  D. There is not necessity

  9. There is going to ________ a meeting tomorrow.

  A. have B. hold C. having D. be

  10. There must have been a heavy rain yesterday, ________?

  A. hasn't there B. have there

  C. mustn't there D. wasn't there

  11. Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, ________?

  A. was there B. wasn't there

  C. didn't he D. did he

  II. 把下列句子变为简单句。

  1. There is someone who is at the door.

  ________________________________

  2. Once upon a time, there lived an old man who was named Joe Beef.

  ________________________________

  3. Isn't there anything that I can do?

  ________________________________

  4. As there was no bus, we had to go on foot.

  ________________________________

  5. I should prefer that there would be no discussion of my private affairs.

  ________________________________

  key: I. 1-5 DBADD 6-11 DACDDC

  II. 1. There is someone at the door. 2. Once upon a time, there lived an old man named Joe Beef. 3. Isn't there anything for me to do? 4. There being no bus, we had to go on foot. 5. I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.

  (文/秦红霞;英语通高三版2004年第4期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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