| Materials and Planning - Unit 4 |
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What purpose do different stages in a lesson have?
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Introduction
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本单元讨论知识传授、练习巩固和运用发挥这三个阶段各自所起的作用。其目的是为了帮助学生学习，激发他们学习的积极性。但教师应该清楚这三个阶段的划分只是组织课堂的众多方法之一。
(本单元的Flash课件请参见www.in2english.com.cn/teaching/) |
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Introduction
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What are presentation, practice
and production stages in a lesson? How can they help children to learn?
Are they the only possible model for a lesson? |
| 1. What is the purpose of the presentation
stage in a lesson? |
·To explain the aim of the lesson, so that children
know what they will learn and why they will learn it.
·To present the language that children will need to use or understand.
·If children need to use new language, they need to know its meaning, its
form, and how to say or write it correctly.
·A good presentation will be understandable, interesting, and in a context
children understand, such as a song, game or story. |
| 2. What is the purpose of the practice stage
in a lesson? |
·To help children to understand
or practise the language they met in the presentation stage.
·In a good practice stage, language will also be in a context which children
understand.
·You can help children to practise by using visual aids such as the blackboard,
pictures, or actions to remind children of key words, structures, or meaning.
·As in the presentation stage, you can also help children by correcting
errors if necessary. |
| 3. What is the purpose of the production stage
in a lesson? |
·To motivate children to communicate
meaning with the new language.
·You can do this by giving children chances to experiment with the language.
·For example, they can use the names of animals to make a story, or change
the words of a song like 'Head, Shoulders, Knees and Toes' to include other
parts of the body.
·You do not usually correct in this stage, but can support children by observing
and giving feedback on strong and weak points of their work at the end of
this stage. |
| 4. Should all lessons have these stages? |
·No. The presentation, practice
and production model is one way of helping children to learn new language
in an enjoyable and effective way. But it is not the only way.
·This model may not be useful in lessons, for example, in which the aim
is to practise language children already know.
·Another way of working is to embed language children need to learn in motivating
activities, and to look at the language afterwards. Unit 5 in the Language
Knowledge module has more on this. |
| 一、Summary |
| We have seen that the presentation,
practice and production model aims to support children's learning through
providing support and motivation. It is one model for a lesson, but not
the only one. |
| 二、Glossary |
· purpose (n) 目的，用途
· stage (n)阶段v
· presentation stage (n) 陈述阶段
· practice stage (n) 练习阶段
· production stage (n) 创作阶段
· aim (n) 目的
· form (n) 形式
· understandable (adj) 可以理解的
· context (n) 上下文
· motivate (v) 激励
· experiment (v) 做实验，练习
· observe (v) 观察
· effective (adj) 有效的
· embed (v) 嵌入 |
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